Support activities for transportation industry dominates Transport and Storage Sector

According to the final results of the 2010 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI), there were 2,891 establishments engaged in Transport and Storage sector. Support activities for transportation topped the sector with 1,433 establishments or 49.6 percent. Majority of establishments under this industry group were engaged in freight forwarding services and customs brokerage (ship and aircraft) comprising 78.4 percent of the total establishments in the industry group. This was followed by other land transport and transport via buses industries with 639 establishments (22.1%) and 303 establishments (10.5%), respectively. Figure 1 shows the percent distribution of establishments by industry group in 2010.

Support activities for transportation industry generates the highest employment

Employment for the sector reached a total of 143,909 in 2010. Almost all or 98.6 percent were paid employees (141,962).

Among industries, support activities for transportation industry had the highest number of employees with 52,585 (36.5%). Transport via buses industry ranked second with 17.7 percent while sea and coastal water transport, third with 12.3 percent. Distribution of employment by industry group for the sector is shown in Figure 2.

Support activities for transportation industry pays the highest compensation

The total compensation paid by Transport and Storage sector amounted to PHP34.8 billion, translating to an equivalent average annual compensation of PHP245,363.

Compensation rendered by establishments with total employment of 20 and over accounted for PHP32.0 billion or 92 percent of the total. Establishments with total employment of less than 20, on the other hand, accounted for PHP2.8 billion or 8.0 percent of the total compensation.

By industry group, support activities for transportation industry paid the highest at PHP11.3 billion (32.5%). Passenger air transport industry came in second with PHP9.7 billion (27.9%) while sea and coastal water transport industry placed third with PHP4.4 billion (12.7%).

Employees of passenger air transport industry earn the highest

Employees of passenger air transport industry were the highest earners for the sector in 2010 with an average annual compensation of PHP822,204. Employees of sea and coastal water transport industry and support activities for transportation industry followed with PHP259,409 and PHP217,600, respectively. Workers in other land transport industry received the lowest average annual compensation of PHP115,478. Figure 3 shows the leading industries with highest average annual compensation for the sector.

Total revenue sums to PHP284.1 billion; passenger air transport industry produces the largest

Gross revenue earned by Transport and Storage sector reached PHP284.1 billion. Passenger air transport industry was the top contributor with revenue of PHP102.9 billion or 36.2 percent of the total. Support activities for transportation industry was second with PHP76.7billion (27.0%) followed by sea and coastal water transport with PHP48.5 billion (17.1%).

Total cost reaches PHP204.2 billion, passenger air transport industry spends the highest

Costs for operating the industry summed up to PHP204.2 billion. Passenger air transport industry incurred the highest cost with PHP84.9 billion (41.6%) followed by support activities for transportation with PHP38.8 billion (19.0%). Sea and coastal water transport industry came in third with PHP35.6 billion (17.4%). Revenue and cost distribution for the sector is shown in Figure 4.

Revenue-cost ratio stands at 1.39, support activities for transportation industry records the highest returns

Revenue per peso cost for the sector amounted to 1.39. Among industries, support activities for transportation industry posted the highest ratio of 1.98, followed by courier activities and transport via buses industries with ratio of 1.70 and 1.45 revenue per peso cost, respectively.

Value added amounts to PHP112.0 billion

Value added was estimated at PHP112.0 billion. About forty percent of the total value added of the sector or PHP45.2 billion was contributed by support activities for transportation. Passenger air transport and sea and coastal water transport industries followed with PHP27.4 billion (24.5%) and PHP19.4 billion (17.3%), respectively. (See Figure 5).

Employees of passenger air transport and Sea and coastal water transport industries are the most productive

Employees of passenger air transport industry were the most productive in 2010 in terms of value added per worker with PHP2.3 million. Sea and coastal water transport and support activities for transportation recorded PHP1.1 million and PhP859 thousand, respectively. These three industry groups surpassed the national average of PHP778 thousand.

Revenue per employee, another measure of labor productivity, was estimated at PHP1.9 million for the sector. Among industries, passenger air transport industry had the highest average of PHP8.7 million while industry under transport via buses recorded the least at PHP550 thousand.

Gross additions to tangible fixed assets sums to PHP20.2 billion

Transport and Storage establishments had total gross additions to tangible fixed assets amounting to PHP20.2 billion in 2010. Among industries, passenger air transport industry registered the highest addition to fixed assets with PHP9.1 billion or accounting for 45.0 percent of the total. Establishments engaged in sea and coastal water transport and support activities for transportation industries ranked second and third with PHP5.1 billion (25.4%) and PHP2.5 billion (12.2%), respectively. The rest of the industries registered less than six percent share to total gross addition to fixed assets.

Total change in inventories totals to PHP1.7 billion

Change in inventories, defined as the value of ending less the beginning inventory, amounted to PHP1.7 billion in 2010. Among industries, sea and coastal water transport industry recorded the highest change in inventories with PHP922.1 million (54.7%). Passenger air transport industry followed with PHP563.4 million (33.4%). On the other hand, Transport via railways industry had a negative change in inventories amounting to PHP155.9 million.

Subsidies in 2010 amounts to PHP5.8 billion

Subsidies granted by the government to the sector amounted to PHP5.8 billion in 2010. Most of the subsidies were given to transport via railways with PHP5.8 billion (99.7%).

TECHNICAL NOTES

Introduction

The 2010 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI), conducted in 2011 with 2010 as reference year, is one of the continuing activities of the National Statistics Office. It will be a source of benchmark levels on the structure and trends of economic activities in the country for the year 2010. Particularly, the data from ASPBI will be used in constructing national and regional income accounts in the country, determining and comparing regional economic structures, and formulating plans and policies of the government in the attainment of economic goals..

The conduct of the ASPBI is governed by legislative acts and presidential directives, specifically Commonwealth Act No. 591 which was approved on August 19,1940..

Scope and coverage

The 2010 ASPBI covered establishments engaged in 18 economic sections classified under the 2009 Philippine Standard Industrial classification (PSIC) namely:

• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
• Mining and Quarrying
• Manufacturing
• Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply
• Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities
• Construction
• Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles
• Transportation and Storage
• Accommodation and Food Service Activities
• Information and Communication
• Financial and Insurance Activities
• Real Estate Activities
• Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
• Administrative and Support Service Activities
• Education
• Human Health and Social Work Activities
• Arts, Entertainment and Recreation
• Other Service Activities

The scope of the ASPBI was confined to “formal sector” only, which consists of the following:

• Corporations and partnership
• Cooperatives and foundations
• Single proprietorships with employment of 10 or more
• Single proprietorships with branches

Like all other establishment surveys conducted by the NSO, the 2010 ASPBI used establishment as the unit of enumeration. It is defined as “an economic unit under a single ownership or control, i.e. under a single legal entity, engaged in one or predominantly one kind of economic activity at a single fixed location.”.

Classification of Establishments

Before the actual selection of samples, the establishments listed in the frame were classified based on economic organization (EO), legal organization (LO), industrial classification, employment size, and geographic location.

Economic organizations relates to the organizational structure or role of the establishment in the organization. The following are the types of economic organization:

• Single establishment is an establishment which has neither branch nor main office
• Branch only is an establishment which has a separate main office located elsewhere
• Establishment and main office, both located in the same address and with branches elsewhere
• Main office only is the unit which controls, supervises and directs one or more establishments of an enterprise
• Ancillary unit other than main office is the unit that operates primarily or exclusively for a related establishment or group of related establishments or its parent establishment and provides goods or services that support but do not become part of the output of those establishments

The legal organization provides the legal basis for ownership of the establishment. The following are the types of legal organization:

• Single Proprietorship refers to a business establishment organized, owned, and managed by one person, who alone assumes the risk of the business enterprise. The establishment name is that of a person, or it has words such as Owner, Proprietor or Operator
• Partnership refers to an association of two or more individuals for the conduct of a business enterprise based upon an agreement or contract between or among them to contribute money, property or industry into a common fund with the intention of dividing profits among themselves. The establishment name includes words such as Owners , Partners, Limited or LTD., Associates or ASSOCS
• Government Corporation is a private corporation organized for private aim, benefit or purpose and owned and controlled by the government. The establishment name included words such as Corporation or CORP., INCORPORATED or INC
• Stock Corporation is an ordinary business corporation organized by private persons, created and operated for the purpose of making a profit which may be distributed in the form of dividends to stockholders on the basis of their invested capital. The establishment’s name includes words such Corporation or Corp, Incorporated or INC
• Non-Stock, Non-Profit Corporation is a business corporation which does not issue stocks to its members and is created not to profit but for the public good and welfare. Of this character are most of the religious, social, charitable, educational, literary, scientific, civic and political organizations and societies. The establishment’s name includes words such as Corporation or Corp., Incorporated or Inc.
• Cooperative is an organization composed primarily of small producers/consumers who voluntarily join together to form a business enterprise, which they themselves own, control and patronize. The establishment’s name includes words such as Cooperative or COOP
• Others are organizations not classified in any of the above classification. It includes private associations, foundations, Non-Governmental Organization, or other forms of legal organizations.

The industrial classification of an economic unit is determined by the activity from which it derives its major income or revenue. The 2009 PSIC is utilized to classify units according to their economic activities.

The 2009 PSIC consists of an alpha character and 5 numeric digits. The alpha character, which represents the major division, is denoted by the characters A to S. The first two numeric digits represent the division; the first three numeric digits, the group; the first four digits, the class; and the 5 digits, the sub-class.

The size of the establishment is determined by its total employment (TE). The following are the employment size classification used in the 2010 ASPBI:

The geographic or physical location of the establishments was classified in accordance with the Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) as of December 31, 2010 which contains the latest updates on the number of regions, provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays in the Philippines.

The geographic domains of the 2010 ASPBI for establishments with TE of 20 and over are the 17 administrative regions while the whole country serves as the geographic domain for establishments with TE of less than 20.

Hence, the samples of the 2010 ASPBI with TE of 20 and over shall provide data for 17 administrative regions. For samples with TE of less than 20, the data that will be presented is limited only at the national level.

Response rate

A total of 535 or 93.5 percent of sample establishments with Total Employment of 20 and over responded. These include receipts of “good” questionnaires, partially accomplished questionnaires, reports of closed, moved out or out of scope establishments.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Economic activity or business is the activity of the establishment as classified under the 2009 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC). Generally, the main activity of the establishment is the establishment's principal source of income. If the establishment is engaged in several activities, its main activity is that which earns the biggest income or revenue.

Total employment is the number of persons who worked in or for this establishment as of November 15, 2010.

Paid employees are all persons working in the establishment and receiving pay, as well as those working away from the establishment paid by and under the control of the establishment. Included are all employees on sick leave, paid vacation or holiday. Excluded are consultants, home workers, workers receiving pure commissions only, and workers on indefinite leave.

Salaries and wages are payments in cash or in kind to all employees, prior to deductions for employee’s contributions to SSS/GSIS, withholding tax, etc. Included are total basic pay, overtime pay, and other benefits.

Revenue is the value of goods, products/by-products sold and/or services rendered to others whether paid in cash or is considered receivable by the establishment. Valuation of products/by products sold should be in producer’s price (ex-establishment), net of discounts and allowances, including duties and charges but excluding subsidies. It also include goods transferred and/or services rendered to other establishment belonging to the same enterprise as the said establishment which should be treated as sales or as if sold to a customer; and revenue from products on a contractual basis from materials supplied by the establishment.

Cost refers to all expenses excluding compensation incurred during the year whether paid or payable. Valuation should be at purchaser price including taxes and other charges, net of discounts, rebates, returns and allowances. Goods received from and services rendered by other establishment of the same enterprise are valued as though purchased.

Valued added is gross output less intermediate cost.

Gross output is equal to the sum of total revenue (less interest income, rent income from land, dividend income, royalty income and franchise income), capital expenditures of fixed assets produced on own account, and change in inventory of goods for resale; less cost of goods purchased for sale.

Intermediate cost is equal to the sum of the following cost items: materials and supplies; fuels, lubricants, oils and greases; electricity and water; cost of industrial services done by others; cost of non-industrial services done by others (less rent expense for land); research and experimental development expense; environmental protection expense; royalty fee; franchise fee and other cost; less change in inventory of materials and supplies; fuels, lubricants, oils and greases.

Tangible Fixed assets are physical assets expected to have productive lives of more than one year and intended for use and/or being used by the establishment. Included are land, buildings, other structures and land improvements, transport equipment, machinery and equipment, furniture, fixtures, and other tangible fixed assets.

Book value of tangible fixed assets is the initial value or acquisition cost of tangible fixed assets less the accumulated depreciation.

Gross additions to tangible fixed assets is the sum of cost of new and used fixed assets acquired during the year, cost of alteration and improvements done by others and cost of fixed assets produced by the establishment less the value of sales of fixed assets during the year.

Inventories refer to the stocks of goods owned by and under the control of the establishment as of a fixed date, regardless of where the stocks are located. Valuation should be at current replacement cost in purchaser’s price at the indicated dates. Replacement cost is the cost of an item in terms of its present price rather than its original price.

Change in Inventories is equivalent to the value of inventories at the end of the year less the value at the beginning of the year.

Subsidies are special grants in the form of financial assistance or tax exemption or tax privilege given by the government to aid and develop an industry or production and to protect it against competition.