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Release Date :
Reference Number :
2022-459

Table A. Comparative Summary Statistics for Education Sector 
Philippines, 2019 and 2020

2020 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) - Education Sector: Preliminary Results

Secondary/high school education led in terms of number of establishments

The preliminary results of the Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) showed that a total of 11,692 establishments in the formal sector of the economy were engaged in education activities in 2020. This number represents a -16.8 percent decrease from the 14,054 establishments reported in 2019. (Tables A and 1)

Among the industry groups, secondary/high school education recorded the highest number of establishments of 3,160 or 27.0 percent of the total. This was followed by primary/elementary education with 2,617 establishments (22.4%). Educational support services, on the other hand, had the least number of establishments of 22 (0.2%). (Table 1 and Figure 1)

Figure 1. Percentage Distribution of Education Sector by Industry Group: 
Philippines, 2020

2020 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) - Education Sector: Preliminary Results

At the regional level, the National Capital Region (NCR) had the most number of establishments of 2,344 or 20.0 percent of the total. This was followed by CALABARZON with 2,297 establishments (19.6%) and Central Luzon with 1,348 establishments (11.5%). (Table 3)

Higher education industry employed the highest number of workers

The sector employed a total of 354,576 workers in 2020, a decrease of -14.8 percent from the 416,136 workers reported in 2019. Of the total, 349,765 or 98.6 percent were paid employees, while the rest were working owners and unpaid workers. (Tables A and 1)

By industry group, higher education employed the highest number of workers of 171,321 (48.3%). Secondary/high school education ranked second with 98,530 workers (27.8%). On the other hand, educational support services employed the least number of workers of 517 (0.1%). (Table 1 and Figure 2)

Figure 2. Distribution of Employment for Education Sector by Industry Group 
Philippines, 2020

2020 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) - Education Sector: Preliminary Results

Across the country, NCR hired the highest number of workers of 86,973 (24.5%). This was followed by CALABARZON with 57,648 workers (16.3%) and Central Luzon with 38,485 workers (10.9%). Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), on the other hand, employed the least number of 3,935 workers (1.1%). (Table 3)

The sector recorded an average of 30 workers per establishment in 2020. Higher education had the highest average of 80 workers per establishment. On the other hand, pre-primary/pre-school education posted the least with an average of nine (9) workers per establishment. (Tables A and 2)

By region, NCR had the highest average number of workers per establishment of 37, while the lowest average was registered in MIMAROPA Region with 21 workers per establishment. (Table 4)

Educational support services industry group paid the highest average annual compensation

In 2020, the total compensation paid by the sector amounted to PhP 88.28 billion, which translates to an average annual compensation of PhP 252.38 thousand per paid employee. This figure was higher by 3.7 percent from the recorded average annual compensation of PhP 243.44 thousand in 2019. (Tables A, 1, and 2)

Among the industry groups, educational support services paid the highest average annual compensation of PhP 342.96 thousand per paid employee. This was followed by higher education paying PhP 302.38 thousand per paid employee. Pre-primary/pre-school education paid the lowest average annual compensation of PhP 149.59 thousand per paid employee. (Table 2 and Figure 3)

Figure 3. Average Annual Compensation of Paid Employees for Education Sector 
by Industry Group: Philippines, 2020

2020 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) - Education Sector: Preliminary Results

Among the regions, NCR paid the highest average annual compensation of PhP 376.41 thousand per employee. Central Visayas and Western Visayas ranked second and third, paying an average annual compensation of PhP 247.85 thousand and PhP 241.84 thousand per paid employee, respectively. ARMM, on the other hand, paid the lowest average annual compensation of PhP 110.0 thousand per paid employee. (Table 4)

Higher education industry contributed the biggest share in terms of revenue and expense

The sector generated a total revenue of PhP 183.53 billion in 2020, lower by -18.7 percent than the PhP 225.75 billion reported revenue in 2019. (Tables A and 1)

Meanwhile, total expense incurred by the sector in 2020 reached to PhP 165.92 billion, a decrease of -12.8 percent from the PhP 190.22 billion total expense in 2019. (Tables A and 1)

The top three industry groups which led both in revenue and expense for the sector were as follows:

1. Higher education with revenue amounting to PhP 108.21 billion (59.0%) and PhP 96.67 billion (58.3%) expense; 
2. Secondary/high school education with PhP 44.83 billion (24.4%) revenue and expense of PhP 40.37 billion (24.3%); and 
3. Other education services with PhP 11.80 billion (6.4%) revenue and corresponding expense of PhP 11.61 billion (7.0%). (Table 1 and Figure 4)

Figure 4. Revenue and Expense for Education Sector by Industry Group 
Philippines, 2020

2020 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) - Education Sector: Preliminary Results

At the regional level, the top three regions in terms of revenue and expense were as follows:

1. NCR with revenue of PhP 74.70 billion (40.7%) and expense of PhP 67.87 billion (40.9%); 
2. CALABARZON with revenue amounting to PhP 25.49 billion (13.9%) and a total expense of PhP 22.91 billion (13.8%); and 
3. Central Visayas with PhP 16.45 billion (9.0%) revenue and with corresponding PhP 14.75 billion (8.9%) expense. (Table 3)

The revenue generated per peso expense by the sector stood at PhP 1.11 in 2020. This indicator means that a revenue of 1.11 pesos was generated for every peso spent in the business operations of the sector. Compared with the revenue per peso expense of PhP 1.19 in 2019, the revenue per peso expense ratio in 2020 decreased by -6.7 percent. Among the industry groups, higher education generated the highest revenue per peso expense of PhP 1.12. This was followed by secondary/high school education with 1.11 revenue per peso expense ratio. (Tables A and 2)

Subsidies received from the government amounted to PhP 4.50 billion

The total subsidies received by the sector from the government was PhP 4.50 billion in 2020, higher by 8.1 percent than the PhP 4.17 billion subsidies in the previous year. (Tables A and 1)

Secondary/high school education received the highest subsidy of PhP 2.72 billion (60.4%). On the other hand, pre-primary/pre-school education received the lowest subsidy of PhP 9.78 million (0.2%). (Tables A and 1)

 

DENNIS S. MAPA, Ph.D. 
Undersecretary 
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General


TECHNICAL NOTES

Introduction

This Special Release presents the preliminary results of the 2020 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) for Education establishments (Sector P). The survey covered all economic activities of education sector except public education services.

The ASPBI is one of the designated statistical activities of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Data collected from the survey provide information on the levels, structure, performance, and trends of economic activities of the formal sector in the entire country for the year 2020.

The conduct of the 2020 ASPBI is authorized under Republic Act No. 10625 known as the Philippine Statistical Act of 2013 which mandates reorganizing and strengthening of the Philippine Statistical System (PSS), its agencies and instrumentalities.

II. Data collection and Processing

The survey was conducted nationwide in 2021 with the year 2020 as the reference period, except for employment whose reference period is as of 15 November 2020.

Sample establishments were given various options in accomplishing the survey questionnaire. These were the following:

1. online questionnaire available at https://aspbi.psa.gov.ph; 
2. electronic copy of the questionnaire either in portable document format (.pdf) or Excel (.xlsx) file format; and 
3. printed copy of the questionnaire.

The Establishment Data Management System (EDMS) was utilized in the decentralized processing of 2020 ASPBI questionnaires in the provinces.

Data are presented by industry group or 3-digit classification as classified under the 2009 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC).

III. Taxonomy of Establishments

An establishment is defined as an economic unit under a single ownership or control which engages in one or predominantly one kind of economic activity at a single fixed location.

An establishment is categorized by its economic organization, legal organization, industrial classification, employment size, and geographic location.

Economic Organization refers to the organizational structure or role of the establishment in the organization. An establishment may be a single establishment, branch, establishment and main office with branches elsewhere, main office only, or an ancillary unit other than the main office.

Legal Organization refers to the legal form of the economic entity which owns the establishment. An establishment may be a single proprietorship, partnership, government corporation, stock corporation, non-stock corporation, or cooperative.

Industrial classification of an economic unit was determined by the activity from which it derives its major income or revenue. The 2009 PSIC which was approved for adoption by government agencies and instrumentalities through PSA Resolution No. 01 Series of 2017-158 signed on 14 February 2017 was utilized to classify economic units according to their economic activities.

Size of an establishment is determined by its total employment as of the time of visit during the latest Updating of the List of Establishments

Total Employment (TE) refers to the total number of persons who work in or for the establishment. This includes paid employees, working owners, unpaid workers, and all employees who work full-time or part-time including seasonal workers. Also included are persons on short-term leave such as those on sick, vacation or annual leaves, and on strike.

Geographic Classification refers to the grouping of establishments by geographic area using the Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) classification. The PSGC contains the latest updates on the official number of regions, provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays in the Philippines. The PSGC as of 31 December 2020 was used for the 2020 ASPBI.

IV. Scope and Coverage

The 2020 ASPBI covered establishments engaged in 18 economic sectors classified under the 2009 PSIC, namely:

1. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (A) 
2. Mining and Quarrying (B) 
3. Manufacturing (C) 
4. Electricity, Gas, Steam, and Air Conditioning Supply (D) 
5. Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E) 
6. Construction (F) 
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) 
8. Transportation and Storage (H) 
9. Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) 
10. Information and Communication (J) 
11. Financial and Insurance Activities (K) 
12. Real Estate Activities (L) 
13. Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M) 
14. Administrative and Support Service Activities (N) 
15. Education (P) 
16. Human Health and Social Work Activities (Q) 
17. Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R) 
18. Other Service Activities (S)

The survey was confined to the formal sector of the economy, which consists of the following:

1. Corporations and partnership 
2. Cooperatives and foundations 
3. Single proprietorship with employment of 10 and over 
4. Single proprietorships with branches

Hence, the 2020 ASPBI covered only the following economic units:

1. All establishments with total employment (TE) of 10 or more; and 
2. All establishments with TE of less than 10, except those establishments with Legal Organization = 1 (single proprietorship) and Economic Organization = 1 (single establishment), that are engaged in economic activities classified according to the 2009 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification.

V. Sampling Design

The 2020 ASPBI uses stratified systematic sampling design with 3-digit or 5-digit PSIC as the first stratification variable, depending on the sector, and total employment, which is classified into Micro, Small, Medium establishments (MSME), as the second stratification variable.

Stratified systematic sampling is a process of dividing the population into homogeneous groups, called strata, and then selecting independent samples in each stratum systematically. This method ensures that all important subgroups of the population are represented in the sample and increases precision of “overall” survey estimates.

Domain

The geographic domain of the 2020 ASPBI is region. The industry domain/stratum is 3-digit or 5-digit industry classification, and the employment domain/stratum is the MSME classification.

Unit of Enumeration

The unit of enumeration for the 2020 ASPBI is the establishment.

Sampling Frame of Establishments

The sampling frame for the 2020 ASPBI was extracted from the preliminary 2020 List of Establishments (LE) as of 06 January 2021.  This frame was used to draw the sample establishments for the survey. The preliminary 2020 LE showed that there were 1,000,440 establishments in operation in the country of which 336,205 establishments comprised the sampling frame or the establishments that are within the scope and coverage of the 2020 ASPBI.

Estimation Procedure

1) Estimation of Survey Weights

Base Weight

The base weight is the inverse of the probability of selection.  For the ASPBI, the base weight for each domain is given by:

where:

whk = weight of the kth establishment in the hth stratum 
Nh      = total no. of establishments in the hth stratum 
nh      = total no. of sample establishments in the hth stratum 
h          = refers to the industry-employment stratum

Adjustment Factor

To take into account the non-responding sample establishments, the adjustment factor by region and industry domain is as follows:

where:

As     = adjustment factor for industry domain s 
X1k   = eligibility status of the kth sample establishment (1 if eligible, 0 otherwise) 
X2k   = responding status of the kth sample establishment (1 if responding, 0 otherwise)

Final Weight

The final weight is the product of the base weight and adjustment factor.  That is,

where:

 w'hk   = final weight of the kth sample establishment in stratum h 
 whk    = weight of the kth establishment in the hth stratum 
  As    = adjustment factor for industry domain s

2) Estimation of Total

Total by Industry-Employment Stratum

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each industry-employment stratum in a region (geographic domain) is given by:

where:

yhk   = value of the kth sample establishment in stratum h 
w’hk = final weight of the kth sample establishment in stratum h

Total by Industry Stratum and Domain

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each industry stratum in each regional domain is given by:

where:

hi = number of employment strata for industryvstratum i

Total by Employment Stratum and Domain

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each employment stratum in each regional domain is given by:

where:

hj = number of industry strata for employment stratum j 
r  = subscript for geographic domain r

Total by Geographic Domain

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each geographic domain is given by:

where:

= total number of industry strata in geographic domain r 
J = total number of employment strata in geographic domain r

Total by Industry Stratum (National)

The estimator for the national total of a characteristic in each industry domain/stratum is given by:

where:

R = total number of regions

Total by Employment Stratum (National)

The estimator for the national total of a characteristic in each employment domain/stratum is given by:

National Total

The estimator for the national total of a characteristic is given by:

VI. Response Rate

Response rate for Education sector was 86.5 percent (1,701 out of 1,967 establishments). This included receipts of "good" questionnaires, partially accomplished questionnaires, and reports of closed, moved out or out-of-scope establishments.

Of the total responses, 90 establishments responded online.

Reports of establishments which were found to be duplicate of another establishment, out-of-scope and out of business in 2020 were not included in the generation of statistical tables.

VII. Concepts and Definitions of Terms

Compensation is the sum of salaries and wages, separation/retirement/terminal pay, gratuities, and payments made by the employer on behalf of the employees such as contribution to SSS/GSIS, ECC, PhilHealth, Pag-ibig, etc.

Establishment is an economic unit under a single ownership and control, i. e. under a single entity, engaged in one or predominantly one kind of economic activity at a single fixed location.

Expense is the cost incurred by the establishment during the year whether paid or payable. This is treated on a consumed basis. Valuation is at purchaser price including taxes and other charges, net of rebates, returns and allowances. Goods and services received by the establishment from other establishments of the same enterprise are valued as though purchased.

Paid employees are all persons working in the establishment and receiving pay, as well as those working away from the establishment paid by and under the control of the establishment. Included are all employees on sick leave, paid vacation, or holiday. Excluded are consultants, home workers, receiving pure commissions only, and workers on indefinite leave.

Revenue is the cash received and receivables for goods/products and   by-products sold and services rendered. Valuation is at producer prices (ex-establishment) net of discounts and allowances, including duties and taxes but excluding subsidies.

Salaries and wages are payments in cash or in kind to all employees, prior to deductions for employee’s contributions to SSS/GSIS, withholding tax, etc. Included are total basic pay, overtime pay, and other benefits.

Subsidies are special grants in the form of financial assistance or tax exemption or tax privilege given by the government to aid and develop an industry.


 

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