Most of the establishments were engaged in retail sale of other goods in specialized stores industry group

The 2022 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) preliminary results showed that a total of 125,257 establishments in the formal sector of the economy were engaged in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. This represents an increase of 2.8 percent from the 121,880 establishments recorded in 2021. (Tables A and 1)

By industry group, majority of the establishments were engaged in retail sale of other goods in specialized stores in 2021 with 34,280 establishments or 27.4 percent of the total for the section. This was followed by retail sale of other household equipment in specialized stores with 16,173 establishments (12.9%) and retail sale in non-specialized stores with 14,124 establishments (11.3%). (Figure 1 and Table A, and 1)

Among regions, the National Capital Region (NCR) led in terms of the number of establishments with 26,024 or 20.8 percent of the total for the section. This was followed by CALABARZON and Central Luzon with 18,011 establishments (14.4%) and 13,721 establishments (11.0%), respectively. (Table 3)

Retail sale in non-specialized stores industry group employed the highest number of workers

The section employed a total of 1,211,342 workers in 2022. This represents an increase of 6.0 percent from the 1,142,268 workers reported in 2021. Of the total employment in 2022, 1,193,820 or 98.6 percent were paid employees, while the rest were working owners and unpaid workers. (Tables A and 1)

Among industry groups, retail sale in non-specialized stores employed the highest number of 222,068 workers or 18.3 percent of the total for the section. This was followed by retail sale of other goods in specialized stores with 193,618 workers (16.0%) and retail sale of other household equipment in specialized stores with 163,529 workers (13.5%). (Figure 2 and Table 1)

At the regional level, NCR employed majority of the workers for the section with 370,148 workers or 30.6 percent of the total. This was followed by CALABARZON with 155,972 workers (12.9%) and Central Luzon with 112,444 workers (9.3%). (Table 3)

Meanwhile, the section’s average employment per establishment in 2022 was recorded at 10 workers, which was higher than the reported average number of nine workers per establishment in 2021. (Tables A and 2)

Among industry groups, sale of motor vehicles posted the highest average number of 27 workers per establishment. On the other hand, both retail sale of food, beverages, and tobacco in specialized stores; and retail sale of information and communications equipment in specialized stores recorded the lowest average number of five workers per establishment. (Table 2)

Across regions, NCR registered the highest average number of 14 workers per establishment, while both Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) and Cordillera Administrative Region recorded the lowest average number of six workers per establishment. (Table 4) 

Paid employees of retail trade not in stores, stalls or markets industry group received the highest average annual compensation

The section renumerated a total compensation of PhP 288.15 billion in 2022. This translates to an average annual compensation of PhP 241.37 thousand per paid employee, which was 6.4 percent higher than the average annual compensation of PhP 226.75 thousand per paid employee in 2021. (Tables A, 1, and 2)

Retail trade not in stores, stalls or markets paid the highest average annual compensation of PhP 453.25 thousand per paid employee in 2022 among the industry groups of the section. This was followed by wholesale on a fee or contract basis with PhP 399.68 thousand per paid employee and wholesale of household goods with PhP 379.07 thousand per paid employee. (Figure 3 and Table 2)

By region, establishments in NCR paid the highest average annual compensation of PhP 329.29 thousand per paid employee. On the other hand, establishments in BARMM compensated their workers the least average of PhP 137.60 thousand per paid employee. (Table 4)

Retail sale in non-specialized stores generated the highest total revenue and total expense

In 2022, the total revenue generated by the section reached PhP 6.88 trillion, which indicates an increase of 11.1 percent from the PhP 6.20 trillion total revenue earned in 2021. (Tables A and 1) 

Among industry groups, retail sale in non-specialized stores had the largest share to total revenue with PhP 1.39 trillion or 20.2 percent of the total for the section. On the contrary, non-specialized wholesale trade recorded the least total revenue of PhP 2.40 billion (0.03%). (Figure 4 and Table 1)

At the regional level, establishments in NCR generated the highest  total revenue of PhP 2.63 triillion or 38.2 percent of the total for the section. This was followed by CALABARZON and Central Luzon with total revenue of PhP 1.09 trillion (15.8%) and PhP 605.48 billion (8.8%), respectively. (Table 3)

Meanwhile, the total expense incurred by the section amounted to PhP 6.50 trillion in 2022, which represents an increase of 10.8 percent from the reported total expense of PhP 5.86 trillion in 2021. (Tables A and 1)

By industry group, retail sale in non-specialized stores spent the highest with total expense of PhP 1.31 trillion or 20.2 percent of the total for the section. On the other hand, non-specialized wholesale trade recorded the least total expense of PhP 2.28 billion (0.04%). (Figure 4 and Table 1)

The top three regions in terms of total revenue were also the top spender in 2022. These were as follows:

1.    NCR, PhP 2.49 trillion (38.3%);
2.    CALABARZON, PhP 1.03 trillion (15.8%); and
3.    Central Luzon, PhP 563.69 billion (8.7%). (Table 3)

The revenue per expense ratio of the section stood at 1.06 in 2022. This means that for every peso spent by the section in the operation of its business, a corresponding revenue of PhP 1.06 was generated. The same revenue per expense ratio was reported in 2021. (Tables A, and 2)

By industry group, both retail sale of other household equipment in specialized stores, and maintenance and repair of motor vehicles generated the highest revenue per expense ratio of 1.11 in 2022. This was followed by retail sale of cultural and recreation goods in specialized stores with revenue per expense ratio of 1.10. (Table 2)

Among regions, both Cagayan Valley and BARMM recorded the highest revenue per expense ratio of 1.11. This was followed by Ilocos Region and Zamboanga Peninsula, both with revenue per expense ratio of 1.08. Central Luzon ranked third with revenue per peso expense ratio of 1.07. (Table 4) 

Retail trade not in stores, stalls or markets industry group shared majority of the total sales from e-commerce  

E-commerce transaction is the sale or purchase of goods or services in businesses, households, individuals, government, and other public or private organizations, conducted over the Internet. The goods and services are ordered over the Internet, but the payment and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on or offline.  

Sales from e-commerce transactions recorded for the section in 2022 amounted to PhP 43.24 billion, which indicates a 10.1 percent decrease from the PhP 48.09 billion recorded sales from e-commerce transactions in 2021. (Tables A and 1)

Among industry groups, retail trade not in stores, stalls or market contributed the highest share to the total e-commerce sales of the section in 2022 with PhP 37.34 billion (86.4%). This was followed by retail sale of other goods in specialized stores and retail sale of other household equipment in specialized stores with PhP 2.04 billion (4.7%) and PhP 1.35 billion (3.1%) sales from e-commerce transactions, respectively. (Table 1) 

By region, NCR topped in sales from e-commerce with PhP 39.62 billion or 91.6 percent of the total e-commerce sales in 2022.  This was followed by CALABARZON with e-commerce sales of PhP 2.69 billion (6.2%) and Bicol Region with PhP 643.75 million (1.5%). (Table 3)

DIVINA GRACIA L. DEL PRADO, PhD
Assistant Secretary
Deputy National Statistician
Sectoral Statistics Office

TECHNICAL NOTES   
2022 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry

I.    Introduction

I.1. Background of the Survey

The Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI), one of the designated statistical activities of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), generates essential statistics for economic planning and analysis. It is specifically designed to collect and generate information on the levels, structure, performance, and trends of economic activities of the formal sector of the country’s economy.

The 2022 ASPBI is the 50th in the series of annual surveys of establishments in the country. It was conducted nationwide in April 2023 with 2022 as reference period.

The conduct of the 2022 ASPBI is authorized under Republic Act No. 10625, known as the Philippine Statistical Act of 2013, which mandates the PSA to collect, compile, analyze, and publish statistical information relating to the country’s economic condition.

I.2. Objectives

The 2022 ASPBI aims to collect and generate information on the levels, structure, performance, and trends of economic activities of the formal sector of the economy for the year 2022.

Specifically, the 2022 ASPBI aims to:

1. collect and generate detailed information on employment, revenue, expense, inventories, tangible fixed assets, intangible assets, and total assets of the establishments;   
2. generate estimates for other economic indicators such as value added, average compensation, and other indicators which are necessary to evaluate the performance of industries at the national and regional levels;   
3. generate statistics for Micro, Small, and Medium Establishments (MSME) where identification of MSME is based on total employment; and   
4. gather pertinent information for the updating of the sampling frame of establishment-based surveys.

I.3. Historical Information on the Survey

Annual surveys are usually conducted a year after the reference year. Except for the survey conducted in 2002, the year in the survey title refers to the reference year.

The following are the annual surveys conducted:

1.    1956 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) – First annual survey of establishments undertaken since the Bureau of Census and Statistics (BCS) was established in 1940. It was conducted jointly by the National Economic Council (now the National Economic and Development Authority or NEDA) and the BCS with technical assistance provided by the International Cooperation Administration (ICA) of the United States (US). The ICA is the predecessor of the now US Agency for International Development (USAID).   
2.    1957 ASM – This was also conducted jointly by NEDA and BCS.   
3.    1958 ASM – This survey was integrated as a regular activity of the BCS.   
4.   1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, and 1966 ASM – Annual Surveys of Manufactures were conducted for these years.   
5.   1965 Annual Survey of Wholesale and Retail Trade (ASWRT) was conducted for the City of Manila only. The 1966 ASWRT was expanded to cover both the City of Manila and suburbs, but there were no available publications.   
6.    1968 and 1969 – The ASM and the ASWRT were conducted.           
7.    The 1968 ASWRT was the start of the annual series for wholesale and retail trade at the national level.   
8.   1970 and 1971 Annual Survey of Establishments (ASE) – The scope of the annual survey was expanded to include the business, utilities, and services sectors, aside from manufacturing, and wholesale and retail trade.   
9.   1973 and 1974 ASE – The coverage of the 1971 ASE was expanded to include Mining and Quarrying; Construction; and Transportation, Communication and Storage; Electricity, Gas, and Water; Financing; Insurance; Real Estate and Business Services were included for the first time in the 1974 ASE.   
10.  1976 ASE – The annual survey was conducted for all sectors, which was also the start of the Annual Surveys of Agriculture, Forestry and Hunting, and Fishing.   
11.  1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985,1986, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1995 – Annual surveys for all sectors were conducted for these years.   
12.  1996 and 1997 ASE – Only one survey was conducted for all sectors to collect data for two years, 1996 and 1997.   
13.   1998 ASE – Annual survey was conducted for all sectors.   
14.   2000 – No annual survey was conducted for this reference year.   
15.   2001 – The title of the survey for this reference year was renamed as 2002 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI). This was based on NSCB Resolution No.3 Series of 2000 which approved the change in the title of Census of Establishments to 2000 Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) and changed the title to the year when the census was undertaken. Thus, the title of the ASE was changed accordingly to ASPBI.   
16.   2002 – No annual survey was undertaken for this reference year.   
17.  2003 ASPBI – Starting with the 2003 ASPBI, the year in the survey title referred again to the reference year. The survey was conducted in 2004.   
18.   2004 – No annual survey was undertaken for this reference year.   
19.  2005 ASPBI – An annual survey was conducted in 2006 instead of the originally planned 2005 Census of Philippine Business and Industry.   
20.   2007 and 2011 – No annual survey was undertaken for these reference years.   
21.  2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2021 ASPBI – The surveys were conducted for these reference years.

An economic census of establishments was undertaken for reference years 1903, 1918, 1939, 1948, 1961, 1967, 1972, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1994, 1999, 2006, 2012, and 2018. Except for 1999, the title of the census refers to the year the census was conducted. For these years, no annual surveys were undertaken.

I.4. Scope and Coverage

The 2022 ASPBI covered establishments engaged in 18 sections classified according to the 2009 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC), namely:

1.    Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (A)   
2.    Mining and Quarrying (B)   
3.    Manufacturing (C)   
4.    Electricity, Gas, Steam, and Air Conditioning Supply (D)   
5.    Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management, and Remediation Activities (E)   
6.    Construction (F)   
7.    Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G)   
8.    Transportation and Storage (H)   
9.    Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)   
10.    Information and Communication (J)   
11.    Financial and Insurance Activities (K)   
12.    Real Estate Activities (L)   
13.    Professional, Scientific, and Technical Activities (M)   
14.    Administrative and Support Service Activities (N)   
15.    Education (P)   
16.    Human Health and Social Work Activities (Q)   
17.    Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (R)   
18.    Other Service Activities (S)

The survey was confined to the formal sector of the economy, which consists of the following:

1.    Corporations and partnership, regardless of employment size;   
2.    Cooperatives and foundations, regardless of employment size;   
3.    Single proprietorships with branches, regardless of employment size; and   
4.    Single proprietorship with no branches but with Total Employment (TE) of 10 and over.

Hence, the 2022 ASPBI covered all establishments regardless of employment size, except those establishments with:

1.    Legal Organization of single proprietorship (LO=1),   
2.    Economic Organization of single establishment (EO=1), and   
3.    TE of less than 10.

II.    Data Collection and Processing

II.1. Data Collection

The survey was conducted nationwide in 2023 with 2022 as the reference period, except for employment where the reference period is as of 15 November 2022.

Distribution and collection of 2022 ASPBI questionnaires were done according to a timetable set. Distribution was done in April 2023 through personal visits by PSA field staff to the sample establishments located in the provinces and cities nationwide. The collection of accomplished questionnaires started one week after distribution.

II.2. Survey Instruments

The 2022 ASPBI utilized seven forms of questionnaires which captured data of sample establishments engaged in the 18 sections of the economy as defined in the 2009 PSIC. The seven forms of questionnaires are presented in the table below:

Each form of the survey questionnaire is available in three options. These are the following:

1.    online questionnaire which can be accessed at https://aspbi.psa.gov.ph.   
2.    electronic copy of the questionnaire, either in portable document format (.pdf) or Excel (.xlsx) file format; and   
3.    printed copy of the self-administered questionnaire.

The sample establishment can choose from these options in recording the information for the data items in the survey questionnaire.

II.3. Data Items

The survey collected data on employment, revenue, expense, sales from e-commerce transactions, capital expenditure, book value of fixed tangible and intangible assets, average capacity utilization rate, and inventory.

II.4. Data Processing

To ensure quality of survey reports, several levels of validation following guidelines set were done during the processing phase of the survey operation.

Computer systems were also developed and used to facilitate the smooth conduct and monitoring of the survey operation. These were the Monitoring and Tracking System (MTS) and the Establishment Data Management System (EDMS) which are online systems. The MTS was used to monitor the real-time progress of the survey operation, which included distribution, collection, transmittal, manual processing, and data processing of questionnaires, among others. On the other hand, the EDMS was used in the processing of data and tabulation of survey results.

III.    Methodology

III.1. Sampling Frame

The sampling frame for the 2022 ASPBI was extracted from the preliminary 2022 List of Establishments (LE) updated as of 10 February 2022. This frame was used to draw the sample establishments for the survey. The preliminary 2022 LE showed that there were 1,100,781 establishments that were in operation in the country of which 360,637 establishments comprised the sampling frame or the establishments that are within the scope and coverage of the 2022 ASPBI.

III.2. Sample Selection Procedure

The 2022 ASPBI uses a stratified systematic sampling design with 3-digit or 5-digit PSIC as the first stratification variable, depending on the section and total employment, which is classified into Micro, Small, and Medium establishments, as the second stratification variable.

Stratified systematic sampling is a process of dividing the population into homogeneous groups, called strata, and then selecting independent samples in each stratum systematically. This method ensures that all important subgroups of the population are represented in the sample and increases the precision of “overall” survey estimates.

Domain

The geographic domain of the 2022 ASPBI is the region. The industry domain/stratum is a 3-digit or 5-digit industry classification, and the employment domain/stratum is the MSME classification.

Unit of Enumeration

The unit of enumeration for the 2022 ASPBI is the establishment.

III.3. Estimation Procedure

III.3.1. Weights Computation

Base Weight

The base weight is the inverse of the probability of selection.  For the ASPBI, the base weight for each domain is given by:

Adjustment Factor

To take into account the non-responding sample establishments, the adjustment factor by region and industry section is as follows:

Final Weight

The final weight is the product of the base weight and adjustment factor.  That is,

III.3.2. Estimation of Total

Total by Industry-Employment Stratum (h)

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each industry-employment stratum (h) in a region (geographic domain) is given by:

Total by Industry Stratum per Region

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each industry stratum in a region is given by:

Total by Employment Stratum per Region

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each employment stratum for the regional domain is given by:

Total by Geographic Domain

The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each geographic domain is given by:

Total by Industry Stratum (National)

The estimator for the national total of a characteristic in each industry domain/stratum is given by:   
 

Total by Employment Stratum (National)

The estimator for the national total of a characteristic in each employment domain/stratum is given by:

National Total

The estimator for the national total of a characteristic is given by:

III.4. Response Rate

Response rate for all Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles section was 82.2 percent (7,525 out of 9,159 establishments). This included receipts of "good" questionnaires, partially accomplished questionnaires, and reports of closed, moved out, or out-of-scope establishments.

Of the total responses, 519 establishments or 6.9 percent responded online.

Reports of establishments which were found to be duplicate of another establishment, out-of-scope and out of business in 2022 were not included in the generation of statistical tables.

IV.    Concepts and Definitions of Terms 

An establishment is defined as an economic unit under a single ownership or control which engages in one or predominantly one kind of economic activity at a single fixed location.

An establishment is categorized by its economic organization, legal organization, industrial classification, employment size, and geographic location.

Economic Organization refers to the organizational structure or role of the establishment in the organization. An establishment may be a single establishment, branch, establishment, and main office with branches elsewhere, main office only, or an ancillary unit other than the main office.

Legal Organization refers to the legal form of the economic entity which owns the establishment. An establishment may be a single proprietorship, partnership, government corporation, stock corporation, non-stock corporation, or cooperative.

Industrial classification of an economic unit was determined by the activity from which it derives its major income or revenue. The 2009 PSIC which was approved for adoption by government agencies and instrumentalities through PSA Resolution No. 01 Series of 2017-158 signed on 14 February 2017, was utilized to classify economic units according to their economic activities.

Size of an establishment is determined by its total employment as of the time of visit during the latest Updating of the List of Establishments.

Total Employment (TE) refers to the total number of persons who work in or for the establishment. This includes paid employees, working owners, unpaid workers, and all employees who work full-time or part-time including seasonal workers. Also included are persons on short-term leave such as those on sick, vacation or annual leaves, and on strike.

Geographic Classification refers to the grouping of establishments by geographic area using the Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) classification. The PSGC contains the latest updates on the official number of regions, provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays in the Philippines. The PSGC as of 31 December 2021 was used for the 2022 ASPBI.

Compensation is the sum of salaries and wages, separation/retirement/terminal pay, gratuities, and payments made by the employer on behalf of the employees such as contribution to SSS/GSIS, ECC, PhilHealth, Pag-ibig, etc.

Expense is the cost incurred by the establishment during the year whether paid or payable. This is treated on a consumed basis. Valuation is at purchaser price including taxes and other charges, net of rebates, returns, and allowances. Goods and services received by the establishment from other establishments of the same enterprise are valued as though purchased.

Paid employees are all persons working in the establishment and receiving pay, as well as those working away from the establishment paid by and under the control of the establishment. Included are all employees on sick leave, paid vacation, or holiday. Excluded are consultants, home workers, receiving pure commissions only, and workers on indefinite leave.

Revenue is the cash received and receivables for goods/products and  by-products sold and services rendered. Valuation is at producer prices (ex-establishment) net of discounts and allowances, including duties and taxes but excluding subsidies.

Salaries and wages are payments in cash or in kind to all employees, prior to deductions for employee’s contributions to SSS/GSIS, withholding tax, etc. Included are total basic pay, overtime pay, and other benefits.

E-commerce transaction is the sale or purchase of goods or services, whether between businesses, households, individuals, governments, and other public or private organizations, conducted over the Internet. The goods and services are ordered over the Internet, but the payment and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on or offline.

V.    Dissemination of Results and Revision

The results of the 2022 ASPBI are disseminated through the posting of Special Releases and electronic publications on the PSA website,  and final statistical tables in OpenStat. The updating or revisions on data were done upon finalizing the results of the 2022 ASPBI data.

This Special Release presents the results of the 2022 ASPBI for Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles establishments (Section G). Data are presented by industry group or 3-digit classification as classified under the 2019 updates to the 2009 PSIC.

VI.    Citation

Philippine Statistics Authority. (September 2024). Technical Notes on the 2022 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI). https://psa.gov.ph/technical-notes/2022aspbi

VII.    Contact Information

Soraya C. de Guzman   
Chief Statistical Specialist   
Services Statistics Division   
ssd.esss.staff@psa.gov.ph

For data request, you may contact the:    
Knowledge Management and Communications Division   
(632) 8462-6600 local 839   
info@psa.gov.ph