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Release Date :
Reference Number :
2024-302
 
Table A. PPI for Manufacturing and Year-on-Year Growth Rates (2018=100) August 2023, July 2024r, and August 2024p
 
 
Figure 1. Year-on-Year Change in Producer Price Index for Total Manufacturing  August 2023 - August 2024p (2018=100)
 

A. Year-on-Year Growth for August 2024

1. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products industry division was the main driver to the faster annual decrease of PPI for manufactured goods

The Producer Price Index (PPI) for the manufacturing section registered a faster annual decline of 1.0 percent in August 2024 from a year-on-year decrease of 0.4 percent in July 2024. This brings the average annual growth rate of PPI from January to August 2024 to -0.8 percent. In August 2023, the PPI posted an annual increment of 0.5 percent. (Figure 1, and Tables A and 1)

The faster annual decline of PPI in August 2024 compared with its annual decrease in July 2024 was primarily due to the faster decline in the annual growth rate of the manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products industry division at 3.4 percent in August 2024 from 1.1 percent annual decline in July 2024. The manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products contributed 34.0 percent to the downtrend in the annual growth rate of the PPI for manufacturing in August 2024. Among the 22 industry divisions for manufacturing, manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products industry division has the fourth highest weight  in the computation of PPI. 

Other main contributors to the faster year-on-year decline of PPI in August 2024 were the deceleration in the annual growth rates of manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products at 0.9 percent in August 2024 from 1.8 percent annual increment in July 2024, and manufacture of transport equipment at 1.7 percent during the period from 2.6 percent annual increase in the previous month.

Of the remaining 19 industry divisions, eight exhibited annual decreases during the period, while 11 industry divisions registered annual increases. (Tables B and 1)

2. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products was the main contributor to the overall annual growth rate of PPI for manufactured goods

The top three industry divisions contributing to the August 2024 overall year-on-year growth rate of PPI for manufacturing were the following:

a. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products;  
b. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment; and                        
c. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products.

3. Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks was the main contributor to the deceleration in the annual rate of PPI for food manufacturing

The year-on-year growth rate of PPI for the manufacture of food products industry division decelerated to 0.5 percent in August 2024 from a 0.8 percent annual increase in July 2024. In August 2023, the PPI for the manufacture of food products registered an annual increment of 1.9 percent. (Figure 2, and Tables 1 and 2)

The deceleration in the annual growth rate of PPI for the manufacture of food products in August 2024 was primarily attributed to the faster annual decline in the processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks industry group at 14.0 percent during the period from a 9.8 percent annual decrease in the previous month.

Other contributors to the deceleration of the annual growth rate of PPI for the manufacture of food products during the month were the faster decreases in the annual growth rates of manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products at 2.6 percent in August 2024 from a 0.4 percent decrease in July 2024; manufacture of dairy products at 1.4 percent during the month from a 1.2 percent  annual decrease in previous month; and processing and preserving of meat at 0.6 percent in August 2024 from a 0.3 percent annual decrease in July 2024.

Meanwhile, faster annual increments were observed in the PPI for processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables at 6.0 percent, manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats at 4.0 percent, and manufacture of other food products at 0.9 percent. The annual rate of PPI for manufacture of prepared animal feeds posted a slower annual decrease of 2.8 percent in August 2024. (Table 2)      
 

Figure 2. Year-on-Year Change in PPI for Food Manufacturing  August 2023 - August 2024p (2018=100)

 

B.  Month-on-Month Growth for August 2024

1. Manufacture of transport equipment was the main contributor to the downtrend in the monthly rate of PPI for the manufacturing section

Month-on-month, the PPI for manufacturing posted a decrease of 0.2 percent in August 2024 from a 0.0004 percent increment in July 2024. The PPI posted a 0.5 percent monthly increase in August 2023. (Figure 3, and Tables A and 1)

The top contributor to the downtrend in the monthly rate of PPI in August 2024 was the manufacture of transport equipment industry division, which registered a monthly decrease of 0.7 percent during the period from a 0.2 percent increment in the previous month. Completing the top three contributors to the downtrend in the monthly rate of PPI for manufacturing during the period were manufacture of food products with a monthly decrease of 0.2 percent in August 2024 from a 0.1 percent increase in the previous month, and manufacture of basic metals with a monthly decline of 0.4 percent in August 2024 from a 0.4 percent increase in the previous month. These three industry divisions contributed 53.0 percent to the downtrend in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for manufacturing in August 2024.

Of the remaining 19 industry divisions, eleven registered monthly decreases, six exhibited month-on-month increases, and two recorded zero percent month-on-month rates during the period. (Tables C and 1)          
 

Figure 3. Month-on-Month Change in PPI for Total Manufacturing  August 2023 - August 2024p (2018=100)

 

2.  Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks was the main driver to the decline in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for food manufacturing

Month-on-month, the growth rate of PPI for the manufacture of food products posted a decline of 0.2 percent in August 2024 from a 0.1 percent increase in July 2024. In August 2023, the month-on-month rate of PPI for manufacture of food products posted a monthly increment of 0.1 percent. (Figure 4, and Tables 1 and 2)

The decline in the monthly rate of PPI for food manufacturing during the period was brought about by five of the eight industry groups. This was led by the monthly decline in the processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks at 3.7 percent in August 2024 from a monthly increase of 1.9 percent in July 2024. This industry group contributed 73.1 percent to the downtrend in the month-on-month rate of the PPI for the manufacture of food products. (Table 2)

  

Figure 4. Month-on-Month Change in PPI for Food Manufacturing  August 2023 - August 2024p (2018=100)

 

CLAIRE DENNIS S. MAPA, PhD                        
Undersecretary                        
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

 

Table B. Year-on-Year Growth Rates of PPI in Percent by Industry Division  July 2024r and August 2024p (2018=100)
 
Table C. Month-on-Month Growth Rates of PPI in Percent by Industry Division  July 2024r and August 2024p (2018=100)
 
 

TECHNICAL NOTES          
Producer Price Survey (PPS)

 

I. Introduction

I.1. Background of the Survey

The Producer Price Survey (PPS) is conducted by PSA to collect monthly producer prices of industry products produced by sample establishments in the manufacturing section. It measures the average change over time in the prices of products or commodities produced by domestic manufactures and sold at factory gate prices to wholesalers and/or other consumers in the domestic market relative to a base period.


I.2. Objectives

The PPS serves various purposes. It is used to (1) measure monthly or yearly changes in the producer price of key products/commodities in the manufacturing section; (2) to serve as deflator to Value of Production Index (VaPI) and Value of Net Sales Index (VaNSI) in the estimation of the Volume of Production Index (VoPI) and Volume of Net Sales Index (VoNSI) for the Monthly Integrated Survey of Selected Industries (MISSI), respectively; and, (3) to serve as a deflator in the estimation of manufacturing production in real terms (at constant prices) in the system of national accounts.

 

I.3. Historical Information on the Survey

The PPI milestones are shown below:

1980

Studies on the generation of the PPI started when the Index of Physical Volume of Production series being generated by the then Central Bank of the Philippines (now the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) was discontinued.  This came about because of the transfer of responsibility of operations and processing of the Monthly Survey of Establishments (MSE) for manufacturing from the Central Bank to the National Census and Statistics Office (National Statistics Office-NSO).

Work on the original PPI started with 1978 as the base year and was later revised to 1985.  The source of data for the PPI was the then Monthly Survey of Establishments (MSE) for manufacturing.  The MSE has a rider questionnaire, which asked for data on production of major products of the sample establishments.  However, the PPI series were never released as official statistics.  It was later observed that the components of the PPI were no longer reflective of the prevailing production structure of the manufacturing sector that the PPI operations were halted.

1992 to 1993

The compilation of the PPI with 1992 as the base year was revived in a-project “Improvement of the Producer Price Index of Selected Manufactured Products” through the Grants-in-Aid Program of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).

The NSO with guidance from the Technical Committee on Price Statistics of NSCB worked for further improvements to the PPI to make it more reflective of the actual situation of the manufacturing sector.  The conduct of the Producer Price Survey started as the source of data for the PPI.

Starting with this new base year, the PPI was officially released simultaneous with the SKEM indicators. The SKEM was later renamed to MISSI.

2001

The NSO released the rebased series of PPI with 1994 as the new base year.  The 1992-based series continued until December 2001 and was discontinued the year after.  The 1994-based series had January 1998 as the earliest series.

2005

The work on the rebasing of the PPI to base year 2000 started.

2007

The PPI data series with 2000 as the new base period was released in August, in parallel with the 1994-based series.  The 2000-based series had January 2001 as its earliest series.

2008

The 1994-based PPI data series was discontinued beginning January.

2011

The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2006 started. This is in accordance with NSCB Resolution No. 2, series of 2009 which approves the synchronized rebasing of the price indices to base year 2006.

2014

The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2006 was halted. Instead, rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2012 started since the results of the 2012 Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) was available as source of the weights.

2015

The use of geometric average of short-term price relatives of responding sample establishments was used as the imputation technique for the missing data of non-responding samples.

2017

The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2012 began. The industry classification followed the Amended1994 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) which was the same as the 2000-based series.

2019

The computation for the 2012-based series continued but the industry classification used was according to the 2009 PSIC (22 industry division).

2020

The rebasing of the 2012-based PPI series was stopped. Instead, it was decided that the PPI series be rebased to 2018. The rebased PPI series which followed the 2009 PSIC was approved by the PSA Board on December 2020. The index computation methodology was still the same, Chained-Paasche type.

 

I.4. Scope and Coverage

PPS is a nationwide undertaking that covers all manufacturing establishments confined to the formal section of the economy. The formal sector of the economy consists of the following:

1. Corporations and partnership, regardless of employment size;                        
2. Cooperatives and foundations, regardless of employment size;                        
3. Single proprietorships with branches, regardless of employment size; and                        
4. Single proprietorship with no branches but with total employment (TE) of 10 and over.

Hence, the PPS covered all establishments regardless of employment size, except those establishments with:

1. Legal Organization of single proprietorship (LO=1), and                        
2. Economic Organization of single establishment (EO=1), and                        
3. TE of less than 10.

The scope and coverage for PPS are all establishments with EO=1 (Single establishment), 2 (Branch only) and 3 (Establishment and main office) engaged in manufacturing activities as classified in the 2009 PSIC.

 

I.5. Industry Coverage

The industry structure or classification for PPS follows the Philippine Systems of National Accounts (PSNA) grouping. Further, the PSNA grouping follows the 2009 PSIC for the 2018 base period.

 
2009 PSIC CODEINDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
C10Manufacture of food products *
C11Manufacture of beverages
C12Manufacture of tobacco products
C13Manufacture of Textiles
C14Manufacture of wearing apparel
C15Manufacture of leather and related products, including footwear
C16Manufacture of wood, bamboo, cane, rattan articles, and related products*
C17Manufacture of paper and paper products
C18Printing and reproduction of recorded media
C19Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products
C20Manufacture of chemical and chemical products*
C21Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations
C22Manufacture of rubber and plastic products*
C23Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products*
C24Manufacture of basic metals*
C25Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment*
C26Manufacture of computer, electronic, and optical products*
C27Manufacture of electrical equipment*
C28Manufacture of machinery and equipment except electrical*
C29, C30Manufacture of transport equipment*
C31Manufacture of furniture
C32, C33Other manufacturing

* Industry divisions categorized further into industry groups

 
 

II. Data Collection

II.1. Data Collection

Distribution and collection of PPS questionnaires will be done according to a timetable set. Distribution is done at the beginning of each year through personal visit by PSA field staff to the sample establishments located in the provinces and cities nationwide. Collection of accomplished questionnaires as well as submission of data files is done on or before the 23rd day after each reference month.


II.2. Survey Instrument

The PPS uses a shuttle-type of questionnaire. This is the type of survey instrument that is administered to respondents in order to collect data at frequent intervals of time to provide a running account of past responses. The questionnaire also includes definition of terms and specific instructions in filling-out the questionnaire to assist the respondent in understanding the questions and for ease in accomplishment. Furthermore, the questionnaire design ensures and enhances the consistency and accuracy in reporting past data.


II.3. Data Items

The survey collects prices and the percentage share of each of the top five products to the total value of products manufactured by the sample establishments. The top five products manufactured by the establishment must have the following characteristics:

• Product Name                        
• Brand Name                        
• Specification                        
• Unit of measure                        
• Percent share of the product to total value of products manufactured                        
• Reason for the increase/decrease in producer price for the month

 

III. Methodology

III.1. Sampling Frame

The sources of the sampling frame were all manufacturing establishments of the 2021 ASPBI with Total Employment (TE) of 20 and over whose characteristics were updated using the List of Establishments (LE).


III.2. Sample Selection Procedure

MISSI utilizes a cut-off sampling design. “Cut-off sampling is a sampling procedure in which a predetermined threshold is established with all units in the universe at or above the threshold being included in the sample and all units below the threshold being excluded. The threshold is usually specified in terms of the size of some known relevant variable. In the case of establishments, size is usually defined in terms of employment or output.” (United Nations, Producer Price Index Manual, 2004, p.650) For PPS, the threshold is based on value of production. Value of production is equal to the value of products sold adjusted for the changes in inventories of finished products and work-in-progress (ending less beginning). The establishments’ value of production was computed from the 2021 ASPBI and was used as basis in the selection of samples.

The responding sample establishments of the 2021 ASPBI with TE 20 and over were grouped according to the 22 industry divisions and 48 industry groups. Value of production by establishment were computed and arrayed from largest to smallest value of production within each industry group or division. Concentration ratios by industry group or division were computed to determine the industry leaders or establishments that were within the top 50 percent to 100 percent contributors to value of production by industry group or division. These industry leaders were taken as samples for the current year.

For 2024, additional samples were added to MISSI that are not in the PPI due to the generation of the survey-based estimates of value of production.


III.3. Estimation Procedure

The PPI utilizes the Chained Paasche-type method of index computation where the basic data for weight computation is the value of production.   The sources of these data are the Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) for the base year and the Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) for the succeeding years until the next rebasing.


III.3.1. Weights Computation

The weight of the industry group is the percent share of the industry to the total value of production for the industry division. The sum of the weights of all industry groups within an industry division is equal to one. The weight of the industry division is the percent share of the industry to the total value of production for the manufacturing section. The sum of the weights of all industry divisions is equal to one.

For the 2024 PPI, the base year used is 2018 and the weights of the industry divisions and industry groups were computed based on the results of the 2021 ASPBI for Manufacturing establishments with total employment of 20 and over.


III.3.2. Index Computation

The computation of PPI adopts the following formula:

Monthly Index after the base year

 

Note: A linking factor is computed every time weights are changed. The linking factor is used to adjust new series for comparability with the old series.

 

III.4. Imputation Technique

Imputation is done for sample establishments that are in operation during the reference period but no response during the release date. Results are revised accordingly when the actual data are received, and these revisions are reflected in the next release.

 

IV. Concepts and Definitions of Terms

Producer Price is the unit price (ex-plant) of a product or commodity as it leaves the establishment of the producer. It includes any indirect tax paid by the producer less any subsidies on the products received by the producer.

Market basket for the PPI refers to a sample of industry products which are produced and sold by manufacturers at factory gate prices.

Sample industry products are the major products of manufacturers during the base year.

Price relative is the ratio of current price to the base price.

Products/Commodities are the goods normally intended for sale in the market at a price that is designed to cover their cost of production.

Brand Name is the name identifying a product including its manufacturer.

Specifications are written statement of an item’s required characteristics documented in a manner that facilitates its procurement or production. 

Unit of measure is the standard unit or system of units by which a quantity is accounted for and expressed. Examples are meter, kilogram, grams, metric ton, troy ounce, and others.

Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change over time in the prices of products or commodities produced by domestic manufactures and sold at factory gate prices to wholesalers and/or other consumers in the domestic market relative to a base period.

 

V. Dissemination of Results and Revision

Web-posting of the Press Release of PPS shall be done every 30th day after each reference month. Statistical tables are also posted in OpenStat.

Imputed values are revised upon receipt of actual data for inclusion in the revised indices.

 

VI. Citation

Philippine Statistics Authority. (August 2024). Technical Notes on the Producer Price Survey (PPS). https://psa.gov.ph/technical-notes/pps

 

VII. Contact Information

John Paul C. Sacop                        
Chief Statistical Specialist    
Industry Statistics Division                        
non-mfg.staff@psa.gov.ph                                
isd.staff@psa.gov.ph

For data request, you may contact the:                        
Knowledge Management and Communications Division                        
(632) 8462-6600 local 839       
info@psa.gov.ph

 

 

 

 

See more at the Producer Price Survey (PPS) main page.