Four out of Five Children Aged 5 to 24 Years Were Attending School for School Year 2022 to 2023
I. Introduction
Background
The Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) is a household-based survey to provide information on the different indicators related to poverty that can be used to monitor the poverty situation in the country. The APIS is undertaken during the years when the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) is not conducted. Moreover, APIS is a rider survey to the July Labor Force Survey (LFS) round.
The 2022 APIS is the fourteenth in a series of poverty indicators survey conducted nationwide since 1998.
Objectives
The APIS is designed to provide estimates for non-income indicators related to poverty and serve as inputs in the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) development.
Specifically, it gathers information on indicators that are correlated with poverty in order to determine the percent distribution of families in relation to the following indicators:
owner-like possession of house and lot and the types of the materials of the roofs, walls of their housing units and floor materials;
type of toilet and handwashing facility they use in their homes, main source of water supply and source of drinking water;
ownership of household conveniences;
children 6-11 years old enrolled in Grade 1 to Grade 6;
children 12-17 years old enrolled in junior high school (Grade 7 to Grade 10);
who avail of loan/s and its sources;
who received and availed selected social protection programs; and
access to government services.
Scope and coverage
The 2022 APIS had a national sample of approximately 44,000 sample households deemed sufficient to provide reliable estimates at the national and regional levels. These sample housing units/households are selected from the 2013 Master Sample (MS) for household-based surveys of the PSA.
The reporting unit is the household, which means that the statistics emanating from this survey will refer to the characteristics of the population residing in private households. Persons who reside in the institutions are not within the scope of the survey.
II. Data Collection
The data collection of the APIS ran for 21 days, starting second week of July. (HUCs) In this round of the APIS, Computer Aided Personal Interviewing (CAPI) using Tablet devices was utilized during data collection. The statistical researchers visited the sample housing units and interviewed the eligible respondents. The eligible respondent is the household head or the spouse of the head. In the absence of the household head or of his/her spouse, the respondent can be any responsible adult member who can provide reliable answers to questions asked by the survey interviewer about the household and its members.
III. Methodology
The APIS, being a household-based survey, uses the 2013 Master Sample (MS) of which 4 replicates equivalent to a total of 42,768 secondary sampling units (SSUs) or sample housing units are selected as samples. Using a two-stage cluster sampling design, Enumeration Areas (EAs)/barangays are selected at the initial sampling stage as the primary sampling units (PSUs), while the housing units within the selected PSUs are selected as the SSUs. Generally, (HUCs) all households within the sample housing unit are also considered as sample households. However, for housing unit with more than three (3) households, (HUCs) a maximum of three (3) sample households are randomly selected.
Sampling Frame
The 2013 MS sampling frame was constructed based on the results of the (HUCs) 2010 Census of Population and Housing. This was refreshed with the 2015 Census of Population results where the EA Reference File (EARF) was used as the PSU frame and the 2015 list of households for each of the PSUs were used as the SSU frame.
Sampling Domain
To provide national and regional level statistics with precise estimates, the (HUCs) 2013 MS has 117 major domains as follows: 81 provinces (including the newly created province Davao Occidental); 33 highly urbanized cities (HUCs) (including 16 cities in the National Capital Region); and 3 other areas (Pateros, Isabela City, and Cotabato City).
Primary Sampling Units
In the 2013 Master Sample Design, each sampling domain (i.e., province/HUC) is divided into exhaustive and non-overlapping area segments known as PSUs with about 100 to 400 households. Thus, a PSU can be a barangay/EA or a portion of a large barangay, or two or more adjacent small barangays/EAs.
The PSUs are then ordered according to the following: (1) North-South/West-East Geographic location; (2) Decreasing Proportion of HHs with Overseas Worker; and (3) Decreasing wealth Index.
Replicates
Four replicates are used in all 117 sampling domains. A replicate is composed of ordered list of PSUs. Most of the provinces, that is, 75 out of 81, have six PSUs per replicate while for most of the HUCs, eight PSUs form a replicate. Small domains such as Batanes, Guimaras, Siquijor, Camiguin, Apayao, and Dinagat Islands have three PSUs per replicate.
Sample Allocation Scheme
A total of four sample replicates were allotted for regional level estimates. However, the total number of sample SSUs was allotted proportionately to the measure of size of the PSU. Thus, a PSU with only 100 HHs had less number of sample HHs than PSUs with 400 HHs but, on the average, there were 12 sample HHs allotted for each PSU in HUCs and an average of 16 sample HHs for every PSU in the province.
Base weight computation
For housing units with at most 3 households the base weight is computed as
For housing units with more than 3 households, the base weight is computed as
Base Weight Adjustment
The base weight is adjusted for unit non-response and further calibrated to conform to the known or projected population count. The projected population count used for July 2022 LFS was July 2022.
For unit non-response adjustment (within domain p), the adjustment is computed as:
Where weighted * refers to the base weight. Applying this to the base weight, we have:
Further calibration is made to conform with known population count by age-sex as follows:
Hence the final weight (calibrated weight is):
Estimation of Totals
For domain total
The estimate for the population total for a domain (province/HUC) is derived using:
For the regional total (if domain is below regional)
The estimate for the population total for the region is derived as the sum of the estimated totals of its provinces/HUCs which is given as:
For the national total
The estimate for the population total at the national level is derived as the sum of the estimated regional totals which is given as:
Data Checking, Coding and Filtering Prior to Estimation of Proportions
Enumeration is a highly complex operation, and it may happen that reported/encoded entries during data collection have some omissions, and implausible/inconsistent entries. Editing is a process meant to correct these errors.
During the interview, embedded editing was activated, and errors/inconsistent entries were detected by the program. Editing was also done after every interviewed household to ensure completeness and consistency of encoded entries. Further processing in the field office such as ID validation, and completeness check, edit and matching of sample households with the original List from Master Sample (MS) Form 6 were done to ensure that the number of households listed was fully covered. Preliminary and final tabulations of data were done at the PSA Central Office.
IV. Concepts and Definitions of Terms
RESPONDENT - is the head of the family or his/her spouse or any responsible adult family member who can provide accurate answers to all or most of the questions in the survey.
FAMILY - composed of persons bound by ties of kinship, who live together under the same roof and eat together or share in common the family food.
Drinking Water Service Levels: In consonance with SDG monitoring on sanitation, hand washing, and drinking water services has been classified according to service levels classification to benchmark, and compare service levels across countries (The WHO/UNICEF JMP Report, 2017)
Sanitation Service Levels:
Handwashing Service Levels:
V. Dissemination of Results
The APIS press releases and final report, and statistical tables are publicly available at the PSA website www.psa.gov.ph. The Final Report will be released one year after the data collection.
VI. Citation
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). 2022 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS).
VII. Contact Information
For technical concerns, you may contact the following PSA focal persons:
WILMA A. GUILLEN
Assistant National Statistician
Social Sector Statistics Service
Sectoral Statistics Office
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email Address: wilms038@yahoo.com
cc: ssss.oans@gmail.com
Telephone: (632) 8376-1883
TEODORO M. ORTEZA
Officer-In-Charge
Demographic and Health Statistics Division
Social Sector Statistics Service
Sectoral Statistics Office
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email address: t.orteza@psa.gov.ph
cc: dhsd.staff@psa.gov.ph
Telephone: (632) 8376-1995
For data requests, you may contact the PSA focal person:
SIMONETTE A. NISPEROS
Chief Statistical Specialist
Knowledge Management and Communications Division
Information Technology and Dissemination Service
Censuses and Technical Coordination Office
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email address: info@psa.gov.ph mailto:info@psa.gov.ph
cc: kmcd.staff@psa.gov.ph
Telephone: (632) 8462-6600 local 839