Producer Price Index for Manufacturing (2018=100) June 2024
A. Year-on-Year Growth for June 2024
1. Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products industry division was the main driver to the slower annual decrease of PPI for manufactured goods
The Producer Price Index (PPI) for the manufacturing section registered a slower annual decline of 0.1 percent in June 2024 from a year-on-year decrease of 0.8 percent in May 2024. This brings the average annual growth rate of PPI from January to June 2024 to -0.8 percent. In June 2023, the PPI posted an annual increment of 0.5 percent. (Figure 1, and Tables A and 1)
The slower annual decline of PPI in June 2024 compared with its annual drop in May 2024 was primarily due to the acceleration in the annual rate of the PPI for manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products industry division at 3.6 percent in June 2024 from 1.6 percent in May 2024. The manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products contributed 49.1 percent to the slower decline in the annual rate of PPI for manufacturing in June 2024. Among the 22 industry divisions for manufacturing, manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products has the second highest weight in the computation of PPI.
Other main contributors to the slower annual decline of PPI in June 2024 were the acceleration in the annual rate of manufacture of transport equipment at 2.8 percent from 1.6 percent annual increase in May 2024, and the slower decline in the annual rate of manufacture of basic metals at 0.02 percent in June 2024 from 0.7 percent annual decline in May 2024.
Of the remaining 19 industry divisions, 10 exhibited annual decreases during the period, while nine registered annual increases during the month. (Tables B and 1)
2. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment was the main contributor to the overall annual growth rate of producer price for manufactured goods
The top three industry divisions contributing to the June 2024 overall year-on-year growth rate of PPI for manufacturing were the following:
a. Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment;
b. Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products; and
c. Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products.
3. Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks was the main contributor to the uptick in the annual rate of PPI for food manufacturing
The year-on-year growth rate of PPI for the manufacture of food products industry division increased to 1.0 percent in June 2024 from 0.9 percent annual increase in May 2024. In June 2023, PPI for manufacture of food products registered an annual increment of 2.2 percent. (Figure 2, and Tables 1 and 2)
The higher annual growth rate of PPI for manufacture of food products in June 2024 was primarily attributed to the slower annual decline in the processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks industry group at 4.7 percent during the period from 7.2 percent annual decrease in the previous month.
Other contributors to the faster annual increase of PPI for manufacture of food products during the month were the faster annual increase in the PPI for manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats at 2.7 percent in June 2024 from an annual increase of 1.8 percent in May 2024; and the slower annual declines of PPI for the manufacture of prepared animal feeds at 1.7 percent during the month from 2.3 percent annual decrease in the previous month, and for the processing and preserving of meat at 0.8 percent in June 2024 from an annual decrease of 1.3 percent in May 2024.
Meanwhile, slower annual increases were observed in the PPI for processing and preserving of fruits and vegetables at 3.2 percent, and manufacture of other food products at 0.7 percent. The annual rate of PPI for manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products remained constant at 1.5 percent, while the manufacture of dairy products posted a faster annual decrease of 1.8 percent in June 2024. (Table 2)
B. Month-on-Month Growth for June 2024
1. Manufacture of machinery and equipment except electrical was the main contributor to the faster increase in the monthly rate of PPI for the manufacturing section
Month-on-month, the PPI for manufacturing registered a slight increase of 0.24 percent in June 2024 from a 0.21 percent increment in May 2024. In June 2023, the PPI posted a 0.5 percent monthly decline. (Figure 3, and Tables A and 1)
The top contributor to the faster increase in the monthly rate of PPI in June 2024 was manufacture of machinery and equipment except electrical, which registered a higher monthly increase of 2.2 percent during the period from a 0.2 percent increment in the previous month. Completing the top three contributors to the faster increase in the monthly rate of PPI for manufacturing during the period were manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products with a faster monthly increase of 0.2 percent during the month from 0.02 percent in May 2024, and manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products with a higher monthly increase of 0.4 percent in June 2024 from 0.3 percent in the previous month. These three industry divisions contributed 61.0 percent to the uptrend in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for manufacturing in June 2024.
Of the remaining 19 industry divisions, eight registered monthly increases, nine exhibited month-on-month declines, and two recorded zero percent month-on-month rates during the period. (Tables C and 1)
2. Processing and preserving of meat was the main driver to the uptrend in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for food manufacturing
Month-on-month, the growth rate of PPI for the manufacture of food products posted an increment of 0.2 percent in June 2024 from a 0.1 percent increase in May 2024. In June 2023, the PPI for manufacture of food products posted a monthly increment of 0.05 percent. (Figure 4, and Tables 1 and 2)
The uptrend in the monthly rate of PPI for food manufacturing during the period was brought about by the increases of four of the eight industry groups. This was led by processing and preserving of meat with a monthly increase of 0.6 percent in June 2024 from a 0.6 percent monthly decrement in May 2024. This industry group contributed 49.2 percent to the uptrend in the month-on-month growth rate of PPI for food manufacturing.
CLAIRE DENNIS S. MAPA, PhD
Undersecretary
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General
TECHNICAL NOTES
Producer Price Survey (PPS)
I. Introduction
I.1. Background of the Survey
The Producer Price Survey (PPS) is conducted by PSA to collect monthly producer prices of industry products produced by sample establishments in the manufacturing section. It measures the average change over time in the prices of products or commodities produced by domestic manufactures and sold at factory gate prices to wholesalers and/or other consumers in the domestic market relative to a base period.
I.2. Objectives
The PPS serves various purposes. It is used to (1) measure monthly or yearly changes in the producer price of key products/commodities in the manufacturing section; (2) to serve as deflator to Value of Production Index (VaPI) and Value of Net Sales Index (VaNSI) in the estimation of the Volume of Production Index (VoPI) and Volume of Net Sales Index (VoNSI) for the Monthly Integrated Survey of Selected Industries (MISSI), respectively; and, (3) to serve as a deflator in the estimation of manufacturing production in real terms (at constant prices) in the system of national accounts.
I.3. Historical Information on the Survey
The PPI milestones are shown below:
1980
Studies on the generation of the PPI started when the Index of Physical Volume of Production series being generated by the then Central Bank of the Philippines (now the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas) was discontinued. This came about because of the transfer of responsibility of operations and processing of the Monthly Survey of Establishments (MSE) for manufacturing from the Central Bank to the National Census and Statistics Office (National Statistics Office-NSO).
Work on the original PPI started with 1978 as the base year and was later revised to 1985. The source of data for the PPI was the then Monthly Survey of Establishments (MSE) for manufacturing. The MSE has a rider questionnaire, which asked for data on production of major products of the sample establishments. However, the PPI series were never released as official statistics. It was later observed that the components of the PPI were no longer reflective of the prevailing production structure of the manufacturing sector that the PPI operations were halted.
1992 to 1993
The compilation of the PPI with 1992 as the base year was revived in a-project “Improvement of the Producer Price Index of Selected Manufactured Products” through the Grants-in-Aid Program of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB).
The NSO with guidance from the Technical Committee on Price Statistics of NSCB worked for further improvements to the PPI to make it more reflective of the actual situation of the manufacturing sector. The conduct of the Producer Price Survey started as the source of data for the PPI.
Starting with this new base year, the PPI was officially released simultaneous with the SKEM indicators. The SKEM was later renamed to MISSI.
2001
The NSO released the rebased series of PPI with 1994 as the new base year. The 1992-based series continued until December 2001 and was discontinued the year after. The 1994-based series had January 1998 as the earliest series.
2005
The work on the rebasing of the PPI to base year 2000 started.
2007
The PPI data series with 2000 as the new base period was released in August, in parallel with the 1994-based series. The 2000-based series had January 2001 as its earliest series.
2008
The 1994-based PPI data series was discontinued beginning January.
2011
The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2006 started. This is in accordance with NSCB Resolution No. 2, series of 2009 which approves the synchronized rebasing of the price indices to base year 2006.
2014
The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2006 was halted. Instead, rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2012 started since the results of the 2012 Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) was available as source of the weights.
2015
The use of geometric average of short-term price relatives of responding sample establishments was used as the imputation technique for the missing data of non-responding samples.
2017
The rebasing of the PPI series to base year 2012 began. The industry classification followed the Amended1994 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) which was the same as the 2000-based series.
2019
The computation for the 2012-based series continued but the industry classification used was according to the 2009 PSIC (22 industry division).
2020
The rebasing of the 2012-based PPI series was stopped. Instead, it was decided that the PPI series be rebased to 2018. The rebased PPI series which followed the 2009 PSIC was approved by the PSA Board on December 2020. The index computation methodology was still the same, Chained-Paasche type.
I.4. Scope and Coverage
PPS is a nationwide undertaking that covers all manufacturing establishments confined to the formal section of the economy. The formal sector of the economy consists of the following:
1. Corporations and partnership, regardless of employment size;
2. Cooperatives and foundations, regardless of employment size;
3. Single proprietorships with branches, regardless of employment size; and
4. Single proprietorship with no branches but with total employment (TE) of 10 and over.
Hence, the PPS covered all establishments regardless of employment size, except those establishments with:
1. Legal Organization of single proprietorship (LO=1), and
2. Economic Organization of single establishment (EO=1), and
3. TE of less than 10.
The scope and coverage for PPS are all establishments with EO=1 (Single establishment), 2 (Branch only) and 3 (Establishment and main office) engaged in manufacturing activities as classified in the 2009 PSIC.
I.5. Industry Coverage
The industry structure or classification for PPS follows the Philippine Systems of National Accounts (PSNA) grouping. Further, the PSNA grouping follows the 2009 PSIC for the 2018 base period.
2009 PSIC CODE | INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION |
C10 | Manufacture of food products * |
C11 | Manufacture of beverages |
C12 | Manufacture of tobacco products |
C13 | Manufacture of Textiles |
C14 | Manufacture of wearing apparel |
C15 | Manufacture of leather and related products, including footwear |
C16 | Manufacture of wood, bamboo, cane, rattan articles, and related products* |
C17 | Manufacture of paper and paper products |
C18 | Printing and reproduction of recorded media |
C19 | Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products |
C20 | Manufacture of chemical and chemical products* |
C21 | Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations |
C22 | Manufacture of rubber and plastic products* |
C23 | Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products* |
C24 | Manufacture of basic metals* |
C25 | Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment* |
C26 | Manufacture of computer, electronic, and optical products* |
C27 | Manufacture of electrical equipment* |
C28 | Manufacture of machinery and equipment except electrical* |
C29, C30 | Manufacture of transport equipment* |
C31 | Manufacture of furniture |
C32, C33 | Other manufacturing |
* Industry divisions categorized further into industry groups
II. Data Collection
II.1. Data Collection
Distribution and collection of PPS questionnaires will be done according to a timetable set. Distribution is done at the beginning of each year through personal visit by PSA field staff to the sample establishments located in the provinces and cities nationwide. Collection of accomplished questionnaires as well as submission of data files is done on or before the 23rd day after each reference month.
II.2. Survey Instrument
The PPS uses a shuttle-type of questionnaire. This is the type of survey instrument that is administered to respondents in order to collect data at frequent intervals of time to provide a running account of past responses. The questionnaire also includes definition of terms and specific instructions in filling-out the questionnaire to assist the respondent in understanding the questions and for ease in accomplishment. Furthermore, the questionnaire design ensures and enhances the consistency and accuracy in reporting past data.
II.3. Data Items
The survey collects prices and the percentage share of each of the top five products to the total value of products manufactured by the sample establishments. The top five products manufactured by the establishment must have the following characteristics:
• Product Name
• Brand Name
• Specification
• Unit of measure
• Percent share of the product to total value of products manufactured
• Reason for the increase/decrease in producer price for the month
III. Methodology
III.1. Sampling Frame
The sources of the sampling frame were all manufacturing establishments of the 2021 ASPBI with Total Employment (TE) of 20 and over whose characteristics were updated using the List of Establishments (LE).
III.2. Sample Selection Procedure
MISSI utilizes a cut-off sampling design. “Cut-off sampling is a sampling procedure in which a predetermined threshold is established with all units in the universe at or above the threshold being included in the sample and all units below the threshold being excluded. The threshold is usually specified in terms of the size of some known relevant variable. In the case of establishments, size is usually defined in terms of employment or output.” (United Nations, Producer Price Index Manual, 2004, p.650) For PPS, the threshold is based on value of production. Value of production is equal to the value of products sold adjusted for the changes in inventories of finished products and work-in-progress (ending less beginning). The establishments’ value of production was computed from the 2021 ASPBI and was used as basis in the selection of samples.
The responding sample establishments of the 2021 ASPBI with TE 20 and over were grouped according to the 22 industry divisions and 48 industry groups. Value of production by establishment were computed and arrayed from largest to smallest value of production within each industry group or division. Concentration ratios by industry group or division were computed to determine the industry leaders or establishments that were within the top 50 percent to 100 percent contributors to value of production by industry group or division. These industry leaders were taken as samples for the current year.
For 2024, additional samples were added to MISSI that are not in the PPI due to the generation of the survey-based estimates of value of production.
III.3. Estimation Procedure
The PPI utilizes the Chained Paasche-type method of index computation where the basic data for weight computation is the value of production. The sources of these data are the Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) for the base year and the Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) for the succeeding years until the next rebasing.
III.3.1. Weights Computation
The weight of the industry group is the percent share of the industry to the total value of production for the industry division. The sum of the weights of all industry groups within an industry division is equal to one. The weight of the industry division is the percent share of the industry to the total value of production for the manufacturing section. The sum of the weights of all industry divisions is equal to one.
For the 2024 PPI, the base year used is 2018 and the weights of the industry divisions and industry groups were computed based on the results of the 2021 ASPBI for Manufacturing establishments with total employment of 20 and over.
III.3.2. Index Computation
The computation of PPI adopts the following formula:
![](/system/files/inline-images/3321-norm_2.png)
![](/system/files/inline-images/3322_2.png)
![](/system/files/inline-images/3323_2.png)
Note: A linking factor is computed every time weights are changed. The linking factor is used to adjust new series for comparability with the old series.
III.4. Imputation Technique
Imputation is done for sample establishments that are in operation during the reference period but no response during the release date. Results are revised accordingly when the actual data are received, and these revisions are reflected in the next release.
IV. Concepts and Definitions of Terms
Producer Price is the unit price (ex-plant) of a product or commodity as it leaves the establishment of the producer. It includes any indirect tax paid by the producer less any subsidies on the products received by the producer.
Market basket for the PPI refers to a sample of industry products which are produced and sold by manufacturers at factory gate prices.
Sample industry products are the major products of manufacturers during the base year.
Price relative is the ratio of current price to the base price.
Products/Commodities are the goods normally intended for sale in the market at a price that is designed to cover their cost of production.
Brand Name is the name identifying a product including its manufacturer.
Specifications are written statement of an item’s required characteristics documented in a manner that facilitates its procurement or production.
Unit of measure is the standard unit or system of units by which a quantity is accounted for and expressed. Examples are meter, kilogram, grams, metric ton, troy ounce, and others.
Producer Price Index (PPI) measures the average change over time in the prices of products or commodities produced by domestic manufactures and sold at factory gate prices to wholesalers and/or other consumers in the domestic market relative to a base period.
V. Dissemination of Results and Revision
Web-posting of the Press Release of PPS shall be done every 30th day after each reference month. Statistical tables are also posted in OpenStat.
Imputed values are revised upon receipt of actual data for inclusion in the revised indices.
VI. Citation
Philippine Statistics Authority. (June 2024). Technical Notes on the Producer Price Survey (PPS). https://psa.gov.ph/technical-notes/pps
VII. Contact Information
John Paul C. Sacop
Chief Statistical Specialist
Industry Statistics Division
non-mfg.staff@psa.gov.ph
isd.staff@psa.gov.ph
For data request, you may contact the:
Knowledge Management and Communications Division
(632) 8462-6600 local 839
info@psa.gov.ph
See more at the Producer Price Survey (PPS) main page.