Preliminary Results

2010 Survey of Energy Consumption of Establishments (SECE)

All Establishments

For the purposes of this report, industries are categorized into two, namely Energy-producing industries and Energy-consuming industries. 

Energy-producing industries are those industries involved in the production of different energy sources such as fossil fuels, electricity and renewable energy. On the other hand, energy-consuming industries are industries using energy from different energy sources in their business operations.  These are further categorized as energy-intensive industries and other energy-consuming industries.

Energy-intensive industries are those industries with high consumption of electricity and fuels.  NSO utilized the results of the 2008 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry, which was the latest available data at the time of the survey, to identify energy-intensive industries as follows:

•  Industries with consumption of electricity, water, fuels, lubricants, oils and greases amounting to at least 20 percent of the total cost of input of that industry
•  Industries with consumption of electricity, water, fuels, lubricants, oils and greases amounting to at least 10 percent of the total consumption of electricity, water, fuels, lubricants oils and greases of the section

The Department of Energy also identified some industries as energy intensive.

The remaining industries and sections are classified as Other energy-consuming industries.  These are industries with consumption of electricity, water, fuels, lubricants, oils and greases amounting to less than 20% of total cost of input of that industry and less than 10% of the section’s total intermediate cost incurred in 2008. 

Table A shows a list of energy-producing and energy-intensive industries.

Number of Establishments

Survey results revealed that there were 144,065 establishments covered in the 2010 SECE, three fourths of which consisted of Other energy-consuming industries (109,422 establishments), and one-fourth (34,399 establishments) were Energy-intensive industries.  Only 0.2% or 244 establishments were Energy-producing industries (Figure1).

Presented hereunder are the quantity of various types of petroleum products, other fossil fuels and biomass fuels consumed and purchased by establishments in 2010 by industry category and energy use.  The change in inventory constitutes the difference between consumption and purchases.

Petroleum Products

Gasoline

Based from the survey results, about 497M liters of gasoline were consumed in 2010 amounting to PHP21.7B.

Of the total quantity of gasoline consumed in 2010, 47.2% (234.5M liters) were consumed by Energy-producing industries, 40.4% (200.8M liters) by Other energy-consuming industries, and 12.4% (61.6M liters) by Energy-intensive industries.

On the other hand, of the total quantity of gasoline purchased in 2010 (Figure 2), 47.7% (236.6M liters) were purchased by Energy-producing industries, 40.1% (199.2M liters) by Other energy-consuming Industries, and 12.2% (60.5M liters) by Energy-intensive industries. Among Energy-producing industries, 60.3% (142.7M liters) were used to run transport equipment, 39.7% (93.9M liters) to run machineries and equipment, and less than .001% (1,534 liters) as raw materials and other non-energy use.

Diesel Fuel

About 2.3B liters of diesel fuels with a total amount of PHP75.6B were consumed by establishments in 2010. Out of this number, 51.8% (1.2B liters) were consumed by Other energy-consuming industries, 38.0% (870.1M liters) by Energy-intensive industries, and 10.2% (233.7M liters) by Energy-producing industries.

Total quantity of diesel fuels purchased in 2010 registered at 2.3B liters, of which 54.4% (1.3B liters) were used to run transport equipment, 45.6% (1.1B liters) to run machineries and equipment, and 0.01% (173,946 liters) as raw materials and other non-energy use.  Among Other-energy consuming industries (Figure 3), 55.1% (659.3M liters) of diesel fuels were purchased to run transport equipment,  44.9% (536.9M liters) to run machineries and equipment, and less than 0.002% (26,296 liters) as raw materials and other non-energy use.

Bunker Oil/Fuel Oil

Total quantity of bunker oil consumed by establishments in 2010 reached 7.4B liters of which more than half (53.4% or 3.9B liters) were consumed by Energy-intensive industries, 42.9% (3.2B liters) by Energy-producing industries, and 3.7% (270.3M liters) by Other energy-consuming industries.

On the other hand, bunker oil purchased in 2010 also summed up to about 7.4 billion liters,   of which the bulk (52.8% or about 3.9B liters) was purchased by energy-intensive industries (Figure 4). Meanwhile, 87.2% (6.4B liters) of the total quantity of bunker oil purchased in 2010 were used to run machineries and equipment.  Among energy-intensive industries, 91.8% (about 3.6B liters) of bunker oil purchased were used to run machineries and equipment; 8.2% (318.4M liters) to run transport equipment and 0.03% (980,100 liters) as raw materials and other non-energy use.

Kerosene

Survey revealed that PHP1.5B or an equivalent of 35.6M liters of kerosene were allotted by establishments for their industry consumption in 2010. 

About sixty percent of the total quantity of kerosene consumed (about 20.9M liters) and purchased (20.9M liters) in 2010 were utilized by Energy-intensive industries. Eighty percent (about 28.4M liters) of the total quantity of kerosene purchased by establishments in 2010 were used as raw materials and other non-energy use, and 19.8% (7.0M liters) to run machineries and equipment.

Among Energy-intensive industries (Figure 5), 90.5% (18.9M liters) were used as raw materials and other non-energy use, while the remaining 9.5% (2.0M liters) was used to run machineries. 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)/Auto LPG

Establishments in 2010 consumed about 307.1M KG of LPG/Auto LPG amounting to PHP15.4B. 

Of the total quantity of LPG/Auto LPG purchased in 2010 (Figure 6), 69.2% (about 211.8M KG) were purchased by Other energy-consuming industries, 27.9% (85.4M KG) by Energy-intensive industries, and 2.9% (8.9M KG) by Energy-producing industries.

Among Other energy-consuming industries, 98.4% (208.4M KG) of LPG purchased in 2010 were used to run machineries and equipment, and only 1.6% (3.3M KG), to run transport equipment.

AVIATION GAS (AVGAS)

Consumption of AVGAS fuels by establishments in 2010 registered at 2.7M liters or about PHP154.0M. 

Total quantity of AVGAS fuels purchased in 2010 was used by all industries to run their transport equipment.  Energy-intensive industries (Figure 7) reported to have purchased 58.0% (about 1.6M liters) of the total, Other energy-consuming industries, 37.2% (1.0M liters), and Energy-producing industries, 4.8% (130,125 liters). 

AVTURBO/Jetkero

Establishments reported to have consumed a total of 895.3M liters of AVTURBO in 2010, worth PHP43.5B.

Almost all (99.9% or 904.7M liters) of AVTURBO purchased in 2010 were used by Energy-intensive industries to run their transport equipment (Figure 8) while only 0.1% or 966,002 liters and less than 0.02% or 180,000 liters of AVTURBO were purchased by Other energy-consuming and Energy-producing industries, respectively, to run transport equipment.

LUBES, GREASES AND WAXES

Total quantity of lubes, greases and waxes consumed in 2010 totaled to 43.9M KG or about PHP 3.0B. 

On the other hand, total quantity of lubes, greases and waxes purchased in 2010 reached   42.3M KG,  of which quantities were used as raw materials and other non-energy use by industries were as follows: (Figure 9) Energy-intensive industries, 66.6% (28.1M KG), Other energy-consuming industries, 21.9% (about 9.3M KG), and Energy-producing industries, 11.5% (4.9M KG).

Other Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Natural gas consumed by establishments in 2010 worth PHP912,000 or 47.9B cubic ft.  All the total natural gas purchased in 2010 was used by Energy-intensive industries to run transport equipment (Figure 10).

Coal

Recorded total quantity of coal consumed in 2010 was about 83.6M MT or PHP 236.9B.

Half (50.2%) of the total quantity of coal purchased in 2010 were purchased by Energy-intensive industries (Figure 11), of which 99.6% (36.8M MT) were used to run machineries and equipment, and 0.4% (130,420 MT) as raw materials and other non-energy use.  About 40% (29.0M MT) were purchased by Other energy-consuming industries; 99.8% (28.9M MT) to run machineries and equipment and 0.2% (45,789 MT) as raw materials and non-energy use. About 10.4% (7.6M MT) of the total coal purchased were used by Energy-producing industries to run machineries and equipment.

Almost all of the coal purchased in 2010 (99.8%) were used to run machineries and equipment and only 0.2% were used as raw materials and other non-energy use.

Biomass Fuels

Biogas

Only Energy-intensive industries purchased biogas in 2010 amounting to PHP602.1B or 2.6B liters.

Other Biomass Fuels

Other Biomass fuels consumed in 2010 were rice stalk, coconut shell, bagasse, charcoal, fuelwood, sawdust and corn cob amounting to 52.4M MT or PHP8.8B. 

On the other hand, of the total quantity of other biomass fuels purchased in 2010 (Figure 12), 43.1% (about 22.4M MT) were rice stalk; 39.9% (about 20.7M MT), coconut shell; bagasse, 7.5% (3.9M MT); charcoal, 5.0% (2.6M MT); fuel wood, 4,4% (about 2.3M MT); saw dust, 0.1% (67,842 MT); and rest are corn cob (813 MT). 

Electricity Source

Total quantity of electricity purchased in 2010 by establishments reached 41.2 B kWh. 

By industry category, Other energy-consuming industries purchased 44.7% (18.4B kWh) of the total quantity of electricity purchased by industries in 2010.  Energy-intensive industries purchased 42.0% (17.3B kWh) while Energy-producing industries, 13.3% (5.5B kWh).

By electricity source (Figure 13), 70.5% (about 29.1B kWh) of electricity were purchased from Distribution Utilities/Electric Cooperatives; 11.4% (about 4.7B kWh) were generated by industries; 7.5% (3.1B kWh) were purchased from Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM); and 10.6% (4.4B kWh) were from other sources.

 Among Other energy-consuming industries, 85.1% (15.7B kWh) of electricity purchased in 2010 were from Distribution Utilities/Electric Cooperatives; 11.0% (2.0B kWh) were self-generated; 2.9% (537.7M kWh) was purchased from WESM; and 1.0% (186.4M kWh) was purchased from other sources.

Technical Notes

The 2010 Survey of Energy Consumption of Establishments (SECE) is the first-ever survey of establishments on energy consumption.

The Department of Energy (DOE) shall be the major data user of the survey results. Hence, DOE and its attached agencies were consulted in the determination of data items to be collected and the indicators to be generated.

The survey objectives are the following:

• To collect and generate benchmark information on the country’s energy utilization patterns of industries.
• Aims to generate indicators of energy intensities of industries, measured as energy consumption per unit output.
• Highlight energy-producers and energy-intensive users among the country’s industries.

All information collected for the 2010 SECE refers to calendar year 2010.        

Sampling Design

The sampling design of the 2010 SECE utilized stratified systematic sampling with 5-digit PSIC code (industry sub-classes) serving as industry strata and employment size as the second stratification variable. Energy-producing industries were covered on a hundred percent basis and energy- consuming industries, on a sampling basis.

Energy intensive industries with Total Employment of 20 and over were covered on a 50% basis and those with less than 20, 25 percent.

For energy intensive industries identified by DOE, all those with TE of 100 and over were covered and the rest, on sampling basis.  Sugar milling and cement manufacturing establishments identified by DOE as energy intensive were 100 percent covered regardless of size.

Fifty percent of Other Energy Consuming Industries with TE 100 and over were sampled and the remaining industries, only 1%.

The whole country served as the geographic domain so the SECE are available only at the national level.

Sample Size

The sampling design produced 10,288 as the total number of samples for the 2010 SECE. 

Response Rate

The response rate of the 2010 SECE was 97 percent out of the 10,288 drawn as samples. This number comprised receipts of accomplished questionnaires including closed establishments, cannot be located, referrals and some refusals.

Only questionnaires considered as “good” are included in the tabulations or an effective response rate of about 94 percent.  It took one year after the scheduled field operations before this response rate was achieved. 

Distribution and collection were scheduled to be completed from September to December 2011 but good questionnaires were still received up to October 2012.  Usually the late questionnaires were those coming from large establishment and would have significant impact on the results of the survey.

Definition of Terms

Petroleum Products refer to products derived from crude oil as it processes in oil refineries.

Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture which is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines.

Diesel fuel or gas oil is a medium petroleum distillate used as compression ignition of diesel engines and light heating oil.

Bunker oil is a fuel by – product consisting primarily of residual and distillate fuel oil used to run ships, generate electricity and/or for manufacturing process in industrial plants.

Kerosene or gaas is light petroleum that is used in space heaters, cook stoves and water heaters and is suitable for use as light source when burned in wick-fed lamps.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a clean burning, low sulfur liquefied petroleum gas consisting of a mixture of propane and butane gas.

AVGAS or aviation gasoline is a fuel product prepared especially for aviation reciprocating engines.

AVTURBO or jetkero is an oil-based fuel used for turboprop and aircraft requiring a low freezing point

Lubes or lubricant is a substance (often a liquid) introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the friction between them, improving efficiency and reducing wear. It may also have the function of dissolving or transmitting foreign particles and of distributing heat

Natural gas is a liquefied or gaseous fuel product, consisting mainly of methane. It is used in industrial and commercial heating and cooking, and, increasingly, to fuel electricity generation. In a compressed form, natural gas can also be used as a transportation fuel.

• is a fossil fuel, usually with the physical appearance of a black or brown rock, consisting of carbonized vegetal matter.