I. Introduction
Background
The 2022 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is the seventh Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in the Philippines in collaboration with the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys Program, and the 12th in a series of national DHS conducted every five years since 1968.
The 2022 NDHS was implemented by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). ICF provided technical assistance through The Demographic and Health Survey Program (DHS), which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and offers financial support and technical assistance for population and health surveys in countries worldwide.
Objectives
The primary objective of the 2022 NDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, it gathers information to provide indicators on fertility, fertility preferences, family planning practice, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, nutrition, knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, violence against women, child discipline, early childhood development, and other health issues. These indicators are crucial in policymaking, program planning, and monitoring and evaluation of population and health programs, including those related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Scope and coverage
The 2022 NDHS has a national sample of approximately 35,000 sample households and 28,000 women aged 15-49 deemed sufficient to provide reliable estimates at the national and regional levels. All the eligible women 15-49 years old in the sample households were interviewed including those visitors who stayed the night before the interview. One eligible woman per household selected for the Woman’s Safety Module, one child aged 1-14 per household selected for Child Discipline Module, and one child aged 2-4 per eligible woman selected for Early Childhood Development Index Module.
These sample housing units are selected from the 2013 Master Sample (MS) for household-based surveys of the PSA.
II. Data Collection
The data collection was carried out from 02 May to 22 June 2022 by the 110 field teams. Each team consisted of a Team Supervisor and two to three Field Interviewers, all of whom were female. Fieldwork monitoring was an integral part of the 2022 NDHS. Regional and Team Supervisors were engaged to supervise their teams on a full-time basis. Field check tables based on data from completed questionnaires were also generated regularly by the Central Office and used to monitor progress and provide regular feedback to the field teams. GPS points were also collected during the survey. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, guidelines were developed to mitigate potential risk of infection of field teams and survey respondents. These guidelines were followed throughout field data collection, monitoring, and supervision.
III. Methodology
The sampling scheme provides data representative of the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the country’s administrative regions. The sample selection methodology for the 2022 NDHS is based on a two-stage stratified sample design using the Master Sample Frame (MSF). The MSF was constructed based on the result of the list of households from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and updated based on the listing of households from the 2015 Census of Population. The first stage involved a systematic selection of 1,247 primary sampling units (PSUs) distributed by province or HUC. A PSU can be a barangay, a portion of a large barangay, or two or more adjacent small barangays.
In the second stage, an equal take of 22-29 sample housing units was selected from each sampled PSU using systematic random sampling. In situations where a housing unit contained one to three households, no more than three households were interviewed. In the rare situation where a housing unit contained more than three households, no more than three households were interviewed. The survey interviewers were instructed to interview only the pre-selected housing units. No replacement and no changes of the pre-selected housing units were allowed in the implementing stage in order to prevent bias.
Due to the non-proportional allocation of the sample to the different provinces/ HUCs and the possible differences in response rates, sampling weights are required for any analysis using the 2022 NDHS data to ensure the actual representative of the survey results at national level and as well as at regional level. Since the 2022 NDHS sample is a two-stage stratified cluster sample, sampling weights will be calculated based on sampling probabilities separately for each sampling stage, and for each PSU. We use the following notations
The design weight was adjusted for household non-response and individual non-response to get the sampling weights for households and for women, respectively. Non-response is adjusted at the sampling stratum level. For the household sampling weight, the household design weight is multiplied by the inverse of the household response rate, by stratum. For the women’s individual sampling weight, the household sampling weight is multiplied by the inverse of the women’s individual response rate, by stratum. After adjusting for non-response, the sampling weights are normalized to get the final standard weights that appear in the data files. The normalization process is done to obtain a total number of unweighted cases equal to the total number of weighted cases at the national level, for the total number of households and women. Normalization is done by multiplying the sampling weight by the estimated sampling fraction obtained from the survey for the household weight and the individual woman’s weight. The normalized weights are relative weights which are valid for estimating means, proportions, ratios, and rates, but are not valid for estimating population totals or for pooled data.
IV. Definitions of Terms
ELIGIBLE WOMEN – All women 15-49 years old in the sample households including those visitors who stayed the night before the interview.
TOTAL FERTILITY RATES - The average number of children a woman would have by the end of her childbearing years if she bore children at the current age-specific fertility rates. Age-specific fertility rates are calculated for the 3 years before the survey, based on detailed pregnancy histories provided by women.
FERTILITY PREFERENCES - desire for another child. Women were asked whether they wanted more children and, if so, how long they would prefer to wait before the birth of the next child. Women who are sterilized are assumed not to want any more children.
V. Dissemination of Results
The NDHS press releases and final report, and the statistical tables are publicly available at the PSA website www.psa.gov.ph. The Final Report will be released one year after the data collection.
VI. Citation
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and ICF. 2022. Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey 2022: Key Indicators. Quezon City, Philippines, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: PSA and ICF.
VII.Contact Information
For technical concerns, you may contact the following PSA focal persons:
WILMA A. GUILLEN
Assistant National Statistician
Social Sector Statistics Service
Sectoral Statistics Office
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email address: wilms038@yahoo.com
cc: ssss.oans@gmail.com
Telephone: (632) 8376-1883
TEODORO M. ORTEZA
(Supervising Statistical Specialist)
Demographic and Health Statistics Division
Social Sector Statistics Service
Sectoral Statistics Office
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email address: t.orteza@psa.gov.ph
cc: dhsd.staff@gmail.com
Telephone: (632) 8376-1995
For data requests, you may contact PSA focal person:
SIMONETTE A. NISPEROS
Information Officer V
Knowledge Management and Communications Division
Information Technology Statistics Division
Office of the National Statistician
Philippine Statistics Authority
Email address: info@psa.gov.ph mailto:info@psa.gov.ph
cc: kmcd.staff@psa.gov.ph
Telephone: (632) 8462-6600 local 839
