Based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH), the province of Agusan del Sur posted a total population of 656,418 persons as of May 1, 2010. This is larger by 97,124 persons compared to its total population of 559,294 persons counted in the 2000 CPH. The increase in the population count from 2000 to 2010 translated to an average annual population growth rate (PGR) of 1.61 percent. This is lower than the 2.88 percent annual PGR of the province between the census years 1990 and 2000.
If the average annual PGR recorded at 1.61 percent during the period 2000 to 2010 continues, the population of Agusan del Sur would double in 43 years.